Metallurgy

  1. Physical Metallurgy
    1. Metallurgical Thermodynamics
      1. Laws of Thermodynamics
        1. First Law of Thermodynamics
          1. Second Law of Thermodynamics
            1. Third Law of Thermodynamics
            2. Thermodynamic Functions
              1. Internal Energy
                1. Enthalpy
                  1. Entropy
                    1. Gibbs Free Energy
                      1. Helmholtz Free Energy
                      2. Gibbs Free Energy Applications
                        1. Criteria for Spontaneity
                          1. Temperature Dependence
                            1. Pressure Dependence
                              1. Ellingham Diagrams
                                1. Construction and Interpretation
                                  1. Applications in Extractive Metallurgy
                                2. Chemical Potential
                                  1. Definition and Significance
                                    1. Equilibrium Conditions
                                    2. Activity and Fugacity
                                      1. Activity Coefficients
                                        1. Standard States
                                          1. Raoult's Law and Henry's Law
                                          2. Solutions and Mixing
                                            1. Ideal Solutions
                                              1. Regular Solutions
                                                1. Excess Functions
                                              2. Diffusion in Solids
                                                1. Mechanisms of Diffusion
                                                  1. Vacancy Diffusion
                                                    1. Vacancy Formation and Migration
                                                      1. Correlation Effects
                                                      2. Interstitial Diffusion
                                                        1. Direct Interstitial Mechanism
                                                          1. Interstitialcy Mechanism
                                                          2. Grain Boundary Diffusion
                                                            1. Surface Diffusion
                                                            2. Fick's Laws of Diffusion
                                                              1. Fick's First Law
                                                                1. Steady-State Diffusion
                                                                2. Fick's Second Law
                                                                  1. Non-Steady-State Diffusion
                                                                    1. Solutions for Different Boundary Conditions
                                                                  2. Diffusion Coefficient
                                                                    1. Temperature Dependence
                                                                      1. Arrhenius Relationship
                                                                        1. Activation Energy
                                                                        2. Factors Affecting Diffusion
                                                                          1. Temperature Effects
                                                                            1. Concentration Gradient Effects
                                                                              1. Crystal Structure Effects
                                                                                1. Grain Size Effects
                                                                                  1. Presence of Defects
                                                                                  2. Applications of Diffusion
                                                                                    1. Homogenization
                                                                                      1. Alloying Processes
                                                                                        1. Case Hardening
                                                                                          1. Oxidation and Corrosion
                                                                                        2. Phase Diagrams
                                                                                          1. Gibbs Phase Rule
                                                                                            1. Components, Phases, and Degrees of Freedom
                                                                                              1. Applications to Metallurgical Systems
                                                                                              2. Understanding Phase Diagrams
                                                                                                1. Phase Boundaries
                                                                                                  1. Liquidus Lines
                                                                                                    1. Solidus Lines
                                                                                                      1. Solvus Lines
                                                                                                        1. Lever Rule Applications
                                                                                                        2. Binary Phase Diagrams
                                                                                                          1. Complete Solid Solubility Systems
                                                                                                            1. Microstructure Development
                                                                                                              1. Cooling Curves
                                                                                                              2. Eutectic Systems
                                                                                                                1. Eutectic Point and Composition
                                                                                                                  1. Eutectic Microstructures
                                                                                                                    1. Hypoeutectic and Hypereutectic Alloys
                                                                                                                    2. Peritectic Systems
                                                                                                                      1. Peritectic Reaction
                                                                                                                        1. Microstructure Formation
                                                                                                                        2. Monotectic Systems
                                                                                                                          1. Systems with Intermediate Phases
                                                                                                                            1. Intermetallic Compounds
                                                                                                                              1. Line Compounds vs. Phases with Solubility
                                                                                                                            2. Ternary Phase Diagrams
                                                                                                                              1. Representation Methods
                                                                                                                                1. Isothermal Sections
                                                                                                                                  1. Liquidus Projections
                                                                                                                                  2. The Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram
                                                                                                                                    1. Phases in the Fe-C System
                                                                                                                                      1. Alpha-Ferrite
                                                                                                                                        1. Gamma-Austenite
                                                                                                                                          1. Delta-Ferrite
                                                                                                                                            1. Cementite
                                                                                                                                              1. Graphite
                                                                                                                                              2. Invariant Reactions
                                                                                                                                                1. Peritectic Reaction
                                                                                                                                                  1. Eutectic Reaction
                                                                                                                                                    1. Eutectoid Reaction
                                                                                                                                                    2. Steel Classifications
                                                                                                                                                      1. Hypoeutectoid Steels
                                                                                                                                                        1. Eutectoid Steel
                                                                                                                                                          1. Hypereutectoid Steels
                                                                                                                                                          2. Cast Iron Classifications
                                                                                                                                                            1. White Cast Iron
                                                                                                                                                              1. Gray Cast Iron
                                                                                                                                                                1. Composition Effects
                                                                                                                                                            2. Phase Transformations
                                                                                                                                                              1. Solidification of Pure Metals
                                                                                                                                                                1. Nucleation Theory
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Homogeneous Nucleation
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Critical Nucleus Size
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Nucleation Rate
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Heterogeneous Nucleation
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Nucleation on Substrates
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Contact Angle Effects
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Crystal Growth
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Growth Kinetics
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Interface Structure
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Solidification of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Constitutional Supercooling
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Dendritic Growth
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Primary Dendrite Arms
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Secondary Dendrite Arms
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Cellular Growth
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Planar Front Growth
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Segregation During Solidification
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Microsegregation
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Macrosegregation
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Scheil Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Solid-State Transformations
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Diffusion-Dependent Transformations
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Precipitation from Solid Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Nucleation and Growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Precipitate Morphology
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Eutectoid Transformations
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Recrystallization
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Driving Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Nucleation and Growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Grain Size Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Grain Growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Normal Grain Growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Abnormal Grain Growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Diffusionless Transformations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Martensitic Transformations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Crystallography of Martensite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Martensite Start and Finish Temperatures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Shape Memory Effect
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Bainitic Transformations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Upper Bainite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Lower Bainite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. Transformation Kinetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Johnson-Mehl-Avrami Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Time-Temperature-Transformation Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Construction and Interpretation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Nose of TTT Curve
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Relationship to TTT Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Critical Cooling Rates

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                            3. Extractive Metallurgy

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                            5. Mechanical Metallurgy