Metallurgy

  1. Fundamentals of Material Structure
    1. Atomic Structure and Bonding
      1. Atomic Models
        1. Bohr Model
          1. Quantum Mechanical Model
          2. Electron Configuration
            1. Electron Shells and Subshells
              1. Valence Electrons
              2. Types of Atomic Bonding
                1. Metallic Bonding
                  1. Electron Sea Model
                    1. Properties from Metallic Bonding
                    2. Covalent Bonding
                      1. Shared Electron Pairs
                        1. Directional Nature
                        2. Ionic Bonding
                          1. Electron Transfer
                            1. Electrostatic Attraction
                            2. Van der Waals Forces
                            3. Interatomic Forces
                              1. Attractive Forces
                                1. Repulsive Forces
                                2. Potential Energy Curves
                                  1. Equilibrium Spacing
                                    1. Bond Energy
                                  2. Crystalline Structures of Metals
                                    1. Concept of Crystal Lattice
                                      1. Space Lattice Definition
                                        1. Lattice Points
                                        2. Unit Cell
                                          1. Definition and Characteristics
                                            1. Lattice Parameters
                                              1. Coordination Number
                                                1. Atomic Packing Factor
                                                2. Common Crystal Structures
                                                  1. Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)
                                                    1. Structure Description
                                                      1. Examples of BCC Metals
                                                        1. Packing Efficiency
                                                          1. Coordination Number
                                                          2. Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)
                                                            1. Structure Description
                                                              1. Examples of FCC Metals
                                                                1. Packing Efficiency
                                                                  1. Coordination Number
                                                                  2. Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)
                                                                    1. Structure Description
                                                                      1. Examples of HCP Metals
                                                                        1. Packing Efficiency
                                                                          1. Coordination Number
                                                                        2. Allotropy and Polymorphism
                                                                          1. Definition of Allotropy
                                                                            1. Examples of Allotropic Metals
                                                                              1. Temperature Effects on Structure
                                                                                1. Pressure Effects on Structure
                                                                              2. Crystallographic Planes and Directions
                                                                                1. Miller Indices
                                                                                  1. Notation for Crystallographic Planes
                                                                                    1. Notation for Crystallographic Directions
                                                                                      1. Families of Planes and Directions
                                                                                      2. Relationship Between Planes and Directions
                                                                                        1. Perpendicular Relationships
                                                                                          1. Parallel Relationships
                                                                                          2. Importance in Slip Systems
                                                                                            1. Importance in Deformation Behavior
                                                                                            2. Crystalline Imperfections
                                                                                              1. Point Defects
                                                                                                1. Vacancies
                                                                                                  1. Formation Mechanisms
                                                                                                    1. Effects on Properties
                                                                                                    2. Interstitial Atoms
                                                                                                      1. Self-Interstitials
                                                                                                        1. Foreign Interstitials
                                                                                                        2. Substitutional Atoms
                                                                                                          1. Size Factor Effects
                                                                                                            1. Electronegativity Effects
                                                                                                            2. Frenkel Defects
                                                                                                              1. Schottky Defects
                                                                                                              2. Line Defects (Dislocations)
                                                                                                                1. Edge Dislocations
                                                                                                                  1. Structure and Characteristics
                                                                                                                    1. Formation Mechanisms
                                                                                                                    2. Screw Dislocations
                                                                                                                      1. Structure and Characteristics
                                                                                                                        1. Formation Mechanisms
                                                                                                                        2. Mixed Dislocations
                                                                                                                          1. Burgers Vector
                                                                                                                            1. Definition and Significance
                                                                                                                              1. Determination Methods
                                                                                                                              2. Dislocation Interactions
                                                                                                                                1. Dislocation Movement
                                                                                                                                2. Planar Defects
                                                                                                                                  1. Grain Boundaries
                                                                                                                                    1. High-Angle Boundaries
                                                                                                                                      1. Low-Angle Boundaries
                                                                                                                                        1. Special Boundaries
                                                                                                                                        2. Twin Boundaries
                                                                                                                                          1. Annealing Twins
                                                                                                                                            1. Deformation Twins
                                                                                                                                            2. Stacking Faults
                                                                                                                                              1. Formation in FCC Metals
                                                                                                                                                1. Stacking Fault Energy
                                                                                                                                                2. Phase Boundaries
                                                                                                                                                  1. Coherent Boundaries
                                                                                                                                                    1. Incoherent Boundaries
                                                                                                                                                  2. Volume Defects
                                                                                                                                                    1. Pores
                                                                                                                                                      1. Formation Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                        1. Effects on Properties
                                                                                                                                                        2. Cracks
                                                                                                                                                          1. Types and Origins
                                                                                                                                                          2. Inclusions
                                                                                                                                                            1. Oxide Inclusions
                                                                                                                                                              1. Sulfide Inclusions
                                                                                                                                                              2. Voids
                                                                                                                                                                1. Formation During Processing

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                                                                                                                                                          1. Introduction to Metallurgy

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                                                                                                                                                          3. Extractive Metallurgy