Metabolic Engineering

  1. Strategies for Pathway Optimization
    1. Increasing Precursor Supply
      1. Enzyme Overexpression
        1. Gene Copy Number Variation
          1. Strong Promoter Usage
            1. Codon Optimization
            2. Deregulation of Allosteric Control
              1. Feedback Inhibition Removal
                1. Allosteric Site Mutation
                  1. Enzyme Replacement
                2. Eliminating Competing Pathways
                  1. Gene Deletions
                    1. Competing Pathway Identification
                      1. Byproduct Formation Blocking
                        1. Metabolic Burden Reduction
                        2. Enzyme Inhibition
                          1. Competitive Inhibitors
                            1. Allosteric Inhibitors
                          2. Heterologous Pathway Expression
                            1. Gene Sourcing
                              1. Cross-Species Transfer
                                1. Phylogenetic Considerations
                                  1. Functional Annotation
                                  2. Codon Optimization
                                    1. Host-Specific Usage
                                      1. Synthetic Gene Design
                                        1. Expression Enhancement
                                      2. Balancing Pathway Flux
                                        1. Promoter Engineering
                                          1. Promoter Libraries
                                            1. Strength Tuning
                                              1. Inducible Systems
                                              2. RBS Engineering
                                                1. Translation Rate Control
                                                  1. RBS Calculator Tools
                                                    1. Library Approaches
                                                    2. Protein Scaffolding
                                                      1. Synthetic Scaffolds
                                                        1. Enzyme Colocalization
                                                          1. Metabolic Channeling
                                                        2. Cofactor Engineering
                                                          1. NAD+/NADH Balance
                                                            1. Cofactor Regeneration
                                                              1. Enzyme Specificity Engineering
                                                                1. Alternative Pathways
                                                                2. NADP+/NADPH Balance
                                                                  1. Transhydrogenase Expression
                                                                    1. Pentose Phosphate Pathway
                                                                    2. ATP Balance
                                                                      1. Energy Conservation
                                                                        1. ATP Regeneration Systems
                                                                      2. Product Export Enhancement
                                                                        1. Transporter Overexpression
                                                                          1. Efflux Pump Engineering
                                                                            1. Specificity Modification
                                                                            2. Membrane Engineering
                                                                              1. Permeability Modification
                                                                                1. Transporter Integration
                                                                              2. Evolutionary Engineering
                                                                                1. Adaptive Laboratory Evolution
                                                                                  1. Selection Pressure Design
                                                                                    1. Serial Passage
                                                                                      1. Continuous Culture
                                                                                      2. High-Throughput Screening
                                                                                        1. Library Construction
                                                                                          1. Automated Screening
                                                                                            1. Biosensor-Based Selection

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                                                                                        5. Modeling and Analysis of Metabolic Networks

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                                                                                        7. Host Organisms in Metabolic Engineering