Materials Characterization Techniques

  1. Spectroscopic Techniques
    1. Fundamentals of Spectroscopy
      1. Electromagnetic Radiation
        1. Wave-Particle Duality
          1. Electromagnetic Spectrum
            1. Energy-Wavelength Relationships
            2. Interaction of Radiation with Matter
              1. Absorption Processes
                1. Emission Processes
                  1. Scattering Processes
                  2. Energy Levels and Transitions
                    1. Electronic Energy Levels
                      1. Vibrational Energy Levels
                        1. Rotational Energy Levels
                        2. Selection Rules
                          1. Allowed and Forbidden Transitions
                            1. Transition Probabilities
                          2. X-ray Spectroscopy
                            1. X-ray Generation and Detection
                              1. Characteristic X-ray Production
                                1. X-ray Absorption Processes
                                  1. Detection Principles
                                  2. Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
                                    1. Semiconductor Detector Principles
                                      1. Energy Resolution
                                        1. Peak Identification
                                          1. Quantitative Analysis
                                            1. ZAF Corrections
                                              1. Standardless Analysis
                                                1. Matrix Effects
                                                2. Elemental Mapping
                                                  1. Point Analysis
                                                    1. Line Scans
                                                      1. Area Maps
                                                      2. Integration with Electron Microscopy
                                                        1. SEM-EDS Systems
                                                          1. TEM-EDS Systems
                                                            1. Spatial Resolution Considerations
                                                          2. Wavelength-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
                                                            1. Bragg Spectrometer Principles
                                                              1. Crystal Analyzers
                                                                1. Higher Energy Resolution
                                                                  1. Trace Element Analysis
                                                                    1. Light Element Detection
                                                                    2. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
                                                                      1. Photoelectric Effect Principles
                                                                        1. Binding Energy Measurements
                                                                          1. Surface Sensitivity
                                                                            1. Chemical State Analysis
                                                                              1. Chemical Shifts
                                                                                1. Peak Fitting
                                                                                  1. Multiplet Splitting
                                                                                  2. Quantitative Analysis
                                                                                    1. Sensitivity Factors
                                                                                      1. Matrix Effects
                                                                                        1. Angular Dependence
                                                                                        2. Depth Profiling
                                                                                          1. Ion Sputtering
                                                                                            1. Angle-Resolved XPS
                                                                                            2. Sample Preparation and Handling
                                                                                              1. Ultra-High Vacuum Requirements
                                                                                                1. Surface Cleaning
                                                                                                  1. Charging Effects
                                                                                                2. Auger Electron Spectroscopy
                                                                                                  1. Auger Process Principles
                                                                                                    1. High Surface Sensitivity
                                                                                                      1. Spatial Resolution Capabilities
                                                                                                        1. Elemental Analysis
                                                                                                          1. Chemical State Information
                                                                                                            1. Depth Profiling Applications
                                                                                                              1. Scanning Auger Microscopy
                                                                                                              2. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
                                                                                                                1. X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure
                                                                                                                  1. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure
                                                                                                                    1. Local Structure Information
                                                                                                                      1. Oxidation State Determination
                                                                                                                    2. Optical Spectroscopy
                                                                                                                      1. UV-Visible Spectroscopy
                                                                                                                        1. Electronic Transitions
                                                                                                                          1. Beer-Lambert Law
                                                                                                                            1. Absorption and Transmission
                                                                                                                              1. Band Gap Determination
                                                                                                                              2. Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                1. Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
                                                                                                                                  1. Quantum Efficiency
                                                                                                                                    1. Defect Characterization
                                                                                                                                      1. Temperature Dependence
                                                                                                                                      2. Ellipsometry
                                                                                                                                        1. Polarization Changes
                                                                                                                                          1. Optical Constants
                                                                                                                                            1. Thin Film Thickness
                                                                                                                                              1. Surface Roughness
                                                                                                                                            2. Vibrational Spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                              1. Infrared Spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                                1. Molecular Vibrations
                                                                                                                                                  1. Functional Group Identification
                                                                                                                                                    1. Instrumentation
                                                                                                                                                      1. Dispersive Spectrometers
                                                                                                                                                        1. Fourier Transform Spectrometers
                                                                                                                                                        2. Sampling Techniques
                                                                                                                                                          1. Transmission Mode
                                                                                                                                                            1. Attenuated Total Reflectance
                                                                                                                                                              1. Diffuse Reflectance
                                                                                                                                                                1. Photoacoustic Spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                                                2. Applications
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Polymer Characterization
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Surface Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Gas Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Raman Spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Raman Scattering Principles
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Stokes and Anti-Stokes Scattering
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Selection Rules
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Polarization Effects
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Instrumentation
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Laser Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Spectrometers
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Detectors
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Microscope Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Enhanced Raman Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Resonance Raman Scattering
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Molecular Fingerprinting
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Stress Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Phase Identification
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Defect Characterization
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Confocal Raman Microscopy
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Spatial Resolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Depth Profiling
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. 3D Chemical Imaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Mass Spectrometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Ionization Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Electron Impact Ionization
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Chemical Ionization
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Electrospray Ionization
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption
                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Mass Analyzers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Quadrupole Mass Analyzers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Time-of-Flight Analyzers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Magnetic Sector Analyzers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Ion Trap Analyzers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Sputtering Process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Ion Formation Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Static and Dynamic SIMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Depth Profiling Capabilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Lateral Resolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Isotopic Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Molecular Ion Detection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Time-of-Flight SIMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Laser Ablation Processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Matrix Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Spatial Resolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. NMR Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Nuclear Spin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Magnetic Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Chemical Shifts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Solid-State NMR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Magic Angle Spinning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cross-Polarization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Structural Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. NMR Imaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Spatial Encoding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Relaxation Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Non-destructive Analysis

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Diffraction Techniques

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          5. Thermal Analysis Techniques