Mandarin Chinese Language Grammar

5.

Aspect and Temporal Expression

5.1.

Perfective Aspect 了 (le)

5.1.1.

5.1.2.

Sentence-Final 了

5.1.3.

Completion Marking

5.1.4.

Change of State

5.2.

Experiential Aspect 过 (guò)

5.2.1.

Past Experience

5.2.2.

Indefinite Time Reference

5.2.3.

Contrast with 了 (le)

5.3.

Progressive Aspect

5.3.1.

在 (zài) Construction

5.3.2.

正在 (zhèngzài) Construction

5.3.3.

Ongoing Action Indication

5.4.

Durative Aspect 着 (zhe)

5.4.1.

Continuous State

5.4.2.

Manner Description

5.4.3.

Simultaneous Actions

5.5.

Temporal Adverbs

5.5.1.

Past Time Markers

5.5.2.

Present Time Markers

5.5.3.

Future Time Markers

5.5.4.

Frequency Indicators

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4. Verbs and Verb Phrases

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6. Complement Structures