Mandarin Chinese Language Grammar

  1. Advanced Sentence Patterns
    1. Topic-Comment Structure
      1. Topic Identification
        1. Comment Formation
          1. Information Packaging
            1. Discourse Function
            2. 把 (bǎ) Construction
              1. Disposal Function
                1. Object Definiteness
                  1. Verb Requirements
                    1. Complement Necessity
                    2. 被 (bèi) Construction
                      1. Passive Formation
                        1. Agent Expression
                          1. Agent Omission
                            1. Adversative Meaning
                            2. Comparison Structures
                              1. Superiority with 比 (bǐ)
                                1. Equality with 跟...一样 (gēn...yíyàng)
                                  1. Inferiority with 没有 (méiyǒu)
                                    1. Superlative Formation
                                    2. Existential Constructions
                                      1. Location-Subject Inversion
                                        1. Presentational Function
                                          1. Verb Selection
                                          2. Pivotal Sentences
                                            1. Causative Constructions
                                              1. Double-Subject Patterns
                                                1. Verb Combinations

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                                              9. Conjunctions and Complex Sentences

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                                              11. Sentence-Final Particles