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Humanities
Languages
Mandarin Chinese Language Grammar
1. Introduction to Mandarin Grammar
2. Basic Sentence Structure
3. Nouns and Noun Phrases
4. Verbs and Verb Phrases
5. Aspect and Temporal Expression
6. Complement Structures
7. Adverbs and Modification
8. Prepositions and Coverbs
9. Conjunctions and Complex Sentences
10. Advanced Sentence Patterns
11. Sentence-Final Particles
11.
Sentence-Final Particles
11.1.
Question Particle 吗 (ma)
11.1.1.
Yes/No Question Formation
11.1.2.
Intonation Patterns
11.2.
Continuation Particle 呢 (ne)
11.2.1.
Follow-up Questions
11.2.2.
Topic Continuation
11.2.3.
Softening Function
11.3.
Suggestion Particle 吧 (ba)
11.3.1.
Proposal Making
11.3.2.
Request Softening
11.3.3.
Assumption Expression
11.4.
Change Particle 了 (le)
11.4.1.
State Change Indication
11.4.2.
Situation Update
11.4.3.
Contrast with Aspect 了
11.5.
Exclamatory Particle 啊 (a)
11.5.1.
Emotional Expression
11.5.2.
Tone Variations
11.5.3.
Phonetic Changes
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10. Advanced Sentence Patterns
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1. Introduction to Mandarin Grammar