Mandarin Chinese Language Grammar

  1. Sentence-Final Particles
    1. Question Particle 吗 (ma)
      1. Yes/No Question Formation
        1. Intonation Patterns
        2. Continuation Particle 呢 (ne)
          1. Follow-up Questions
            1. Topic Continuation
              1. Softening Function
              2. Suggestion Particle 吧 (ba)
                1. Proposal Making
                  1. Request Softening
                    1. Assumption Expression
                    2. Change Particle 了 (le)
                      1. State Change Indication
                        1. Situation Update
                          1. Contrast with Aspect 了
                          2. Exclamatory Particle 啊 (a)
                            1. Emotional Expression
                              1. Tone Variations
                                1. Phonetic Changes

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                              10. Advanced Sentence Patterns

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                              1. Introduction to Mandarin Grammar