Human Genetics

  1. Cancer Genetics
    1. Cancer as a Genetic Disease
      1. Somatic Mutation Accumulation
        1. Driver vs Passenger Mutations
          1. Mutational Signatures
            1. Tumor Heterogeneity
              1. Clonal Evolution
              2. Germline vs Somatic Mutations
                1. Hereditary Cancer Syndromes
                  1. Sporadic Cancer Development
                    1. Two-Hit Hypothesis
                      1. Loss of Heterozygosity
                    2. Cancer Gene Categories
                      1. Oncogenes
                        1. Proto-oncogene Function
                          1. Activation Mechanisms
                            1. Oncogene Families
                              1. Therapeutic Targets
                              2. Tumor Suppressor Genes
                                1. Guardian Functions
                                  1. Inactivation Mechanisms
                                    1. Haploinsufficiency
                                      1. Dominant Negative Effects
                                      2. DNA Repair Genes
                                        1. Genome Stability Maintenance
                                          1. Repair Pathway Defects
                                            1. Mutator Phenotypes
                                              1. Synthetic Lethality
                                              2. Cell Cycle Control Genes
                                                1. Checkpoint Functions
                                                  1. Cyclins and CDKs
                                                    1. Apoptosis Regulation
                                                      1. Senescence Pathways
                                                    2. Hereditary Cancer Syndromes
                                                      1. Breast and Ovarian Cancer
                                                        1. BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations
                                                          1. Risk Assessment
                                                            1. Preventive Strategies
                                                              1. Treatment Implications
                                                              2. Colorectal Cancer Syndromes
                                                                1. Lynch Syndrome
                                                                  1. Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
                                                                    1. MUTYH-Associated Polyposis
                                                                      1. Serrated Polyposis
                                                                      2. Other Cancer Syndromes
                                                                        1. Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
                                                                          1. Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
                                                                            1. Neurofibromatosis
                                                                              1. Retinoblastoma
                                                                            2. Cancer Hallmarks
                                                                              1. Growth Signal Independence
                                                                                1. Growth Inhibition Resistance
                                                                                  1. Apoptosis Evasion
                                                                                    1. Replicative Immortalization
                                                                                      1. Angiogenesis Induction
                                                                                        1. Invasion and Metastasis
                                                                                          1. Metabolic Reprogramming
                                                                                            1. Immune Evasion

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                                                                                          7. Complex Disease Genetics

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                                                                                          9. Genetic Technologies and Genomics