Human Genetics

3.

Human Chromosomes and Cytogenetics

3.1.

Human Karyotype Characteristics

3.1.1.

Chromosome Number and Types

3.1.1.1.

3.1.1.2.

Sex Chromosome System

3.1.1.3.

Diploid vs Haploid States

3.1.2.

Chromosome Morphology

3.1.2.1.

Centromere Position

3.1.2.2.

Chromosome Arms

3.1.2.3.

Satellite Regions

3.1.3.

Chromosome Identification

3.1.3.1.

Banding Techniques

3.1.3.2.

Ideogram Construction

3.1.3.3.

Nomenclature Systems

3.2.

Cell Division Processes

3.2.1.

Mitotic Division

3.2.1.1.

Cell Cycle Phases

3.2.1.2.

3.2.1.3.

Chromosome Condensation

3.2.1.4.

Spindle Formation

3.2.1.5.

3.2.1.6.

Cell Cycle Checkpoints

3.2.2.

Meiotic Division

3.2.2.1.

Meiosis I Events

3.2.2.2.

Meiosis II Events

3.2.2.3.

Synapsis and Crossing Over

3.2.2.4.

Independent Assortment

3.2.2.5.

Genetic Recombination

3.2.3.

3.2.3.1.

Spermatogenesis Process

3.2.3.2.

Oogenesis Process

3.2.3.3.

Polar Body Formation

3.2.3.4.

Gamete Maturation

3.3.

Chromosomal Abnormalities

3.3.1.

Numerical Aberrations

3.3.1.1.

Aneuploidy Mechanisms

3.3.1.2.

Autosomal Trisomies

3.3.1.3.

Autosomal Monosomies

3.3.1.4.

Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies

3.3.1.5.

3.3.2.

Structural Aberrations

3.3.2.1.

Deletion Syndromes

3.3.2.2.

Duplication Disorders

3.3.2.3.

Inversion Types

3.3.2.4.

Translocation Categories

3.3.2.5.

Ring Chromosome Formation

3.3.2.6.

Isochromosome Development

3.3.3.

Clinical Consequences

3.3.3.1.

Phenotypic Effects

3.3.3.2.

Developmental Abnormalities

3.3.3.3.

Reproductive Implications

3.3.3.4.

Genetic Counseling Considerations

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2. Molecular Basis of Heredity

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4. Patterns of Inheritance