Histology

  1. The Cell: A Histological Perspective
    1. Cell Theory and Basic Concepts
      1. Historical Development
        1. Fundamental Principles
          1. Cell Size and Shape Variations
          2. The Plasma Membrane
            1. Structure
              1. Lipid Bilayer
                1. Membrane Proteins
                  1. Membrane Carbohydrates
                    1. Cholesterol
                    2. Functions
                      1. Selective Permeability
                        1. Transport Mechanisms
                          1. Cell Recognition
                            1. Signal Transduction
                            2. Membrane Specializations
                              1. Microvilli
                                1. Structure
                                  1. Function
                                    1. Distribution
                                    2. Cilia
                                      1. Structure
                                        1. Types
                                          1. Function
                                            1. Distribution
                                            2. Flagella
                                              1. Membrane Folds
                                            3. The Cytoplasm
                                              1. Cytosol
                                                1. Composition
                                                  1. Functions
                                                    1. Cytoplasmic Inclusions
                                                    2. Organelles
                                                      1. Nucleus
                                                        1. Nuclear Envelope
                                                          1. Structure
                                                            1. Nuclear Pores
                                                            2. Chromatin
                                                              1. Euchromatin
                                                                1. Heterochromatin
                                                                  1. Chromosome Structure
                                                                  2. Nucleolus
                                                                    1. Structure
                                                                      1. Function
                                                                        1. Ribosome Assembly
                                                                      2. Ribosomes
                                                                        1. Structure
                                                                          1. Free Ribosomes
                                                                            1. Membrane-Bound Ribosomes
                                                                              1. Polyribosomes
                                                                                1. Function
                                                                                2. Endoplasmic Reticulum
                                                                                  1. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
                                                                                    1. Structure
                                                                                      1. Protein Synthesis
                                                                                        1. Protein Modification
                                                                                        2. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
                                                                                          1. Structure
                                                                                            1. Lipid Synthesis
                                                                                              1. Detoxification
                                                                                                1. Calcium Storage
                                                                                              2. Golgi Apparatus
                                                                                                1. Structure
                                                                                                  1. Cis Face
                                                                                                    1. Trans Face
                                                                                                      1. Cisternae
                                                                                                      2. Functions
                                                                                                        1. Protein Modification
                                                                                                          1. Protein Packaging
                                                                                                            1. Protein Sorting
                                                                                                              1. Lysosome Formation
                                                                                                            2. Mitochondria
                                                                                                              1. Structure
                                                                                                                1. Outer Membrane
                                                                                                                  1. Inner Membrane
                                                                                                                    1. Cristae
                                                                                                                      1. Matrix
                                                                                                                      2. Functions
                                                                                                                        1. ATP Production
                                                                                                                          1. Cellular Respiration
                                                                                                                            1. Calcium Regulation
                                                                                                                            2. Mitochondrial DNA
                                                                                                                            3. Lysosomes
                                                                                                                              1. Structure
                                                                                                                                1. Formation
                                                                                                                                  1. Functions
                                                                                                                                    1. Intracellular Digestion
                                                                                                                                      1. Autophagy
                                                                                                                                        1. Apoptosis
                                                                                                                                        2. Lysosomal Enzymes
                                                                                                                                        3. Peroxisomes
                                                                                                                                          1. Structure
                                                                                                                                            1. Functions
                                                                                                                                              1. Oxidative Reactions
                                                                                                                                                1. Fatty Acid Oxidation
                                                                                                                                                  1. Detoxification
                                                                                                                                                  2. Catalase
                                                                                                                                                  3. Proteasomes
                                                                                                                                                    1. Structure
                                                                                                                                                      1. Function
                                                                                                                                                        1. Protein Degradation
                                                                                                                                                      2. The Cytoskeleton
                                                                                                                                                        1. Microfilaments
                                                                                                                                                          1. Structure
                                                                                                                                                            1. Actin
                                                                                                                                                              1. Functions
                                                                                                                                                                1. Cell Shape Maintenance
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cell Movement
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Muscle Contraction
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Intermediate Filaments
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Structure
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Types
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Keratin
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Vimentin
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Desmin
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Neurofilaments
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Functions
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Structural Support
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Nuclear Organization
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Microtubules
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Structure
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Tubulin
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Functions
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Intracellular Transport
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Cell Division
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Cilia and Flagella Structure
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Microtubule-Organizing Centers
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Cell Inclusions
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Glycogen Granules
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Lipid Droplets
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Pigments
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Melanin
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Lipofuscin
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Hemosiderin
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Crystals
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Secretory Granules
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Cell Division
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. The Cell Cycle
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. G1 Phase
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. S Phase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. G2 Phase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. M Phase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. G0 Phase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Cell Cycle Regulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cyclins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Checkpoints
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Mitosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Prophase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Metaphase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Anaphase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Telophase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Cytokinesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Meiosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Meiosis I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Meiosis II
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Significance in Gamete Formation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Cell Death
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Apoptosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Morphological Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Molecular Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Necrosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Morphological Features

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Previous

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Histological Techniques and Microscopy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Go to top

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Next

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4. The Four Basic Tissue Types