Habitat Management and Restoration

  1. Habitat Assessment and Analysis
    1. Planning for Assessment
      1. Defining Objectives and Scope
        1. Identifying Focal Species
          1. Single Species Focus
            1. Multi-Species Approach
              1. Community-Level Focus
              2. Identifying Focal Communities
                1. Vegetation Communities
                  1. Animal Communities
                    1. Aquatic Communities
                    2. Setting Measurable Outcomes
                      1. Quantitative Metrics
                        1. Qualitative Indicators
                          1. Temporal Benchmarks
                          2. Spatial Scale Considerations
                            1. Site-Level Assessment
                              1. Landscape-Level Assessment
                                1. Regional Assessment
                              2. Understanding Landscape Context
                                1. Land Use History
                                  1. Historical Land Cover
                                    1. Past Disturbances
                                      1. Management History
                                      2. Surrounding Land Uses
                                        1. Adjacent Habitat Types
                                          1. Land Use Intensity
                                            1. Potential Impacts
                                            2. Connectivity to Other Habitats
                                              1. Corridor Identification
                                                1. Barrier Assessment
                                                  1. Network Analysis
                                                2. Identifying Historical and Reference Conditions
                                                  1. Baseline Data Collection
                                                    1. Pre-Disturbance Conditions
                                                      1. Natural Range of Variation
                                                        1. Temporal Baselines
                                                        2. Use of Historical Records
                                                          1. Government Land Office Surveys
                                                            1. Aerial Photographs
                                                              1. Written Accounts
                                                              2. Use of Maps
                                                                1. Historical Maps
                                                                  1. Soil Surveys
                                                                    1. Geological Maps
                                                                    2. Reference Site Selection
                                                                      1. Site Selection Criteria
                                                                        1. Multiple Reference Sites
                                                                          1. Reference Site Limitations
                                                                      2. Inventory and Mapping Techniques
                                                                        1. Remote Sensing Applications
                                                                          1. Aerial Photography
                                                                            1. Image Interpretation Techniques
                                                                              1. Visual Interpretation
                                                                                1. Digital Image Processing
                                                                                  1. Stereoscopic Analysis
                                                                                  2. Change Detection Methods
                                                                                    1. Temporal Comparisons
                                                                                      1. Quantifying Changes
                                                                                        1. Trend Analysis
                                                                                      2. Satellite Imagery
                                                                                        1. Resolution Considerations
                                                                                          1. Spatial Resolution
                                                                                            1. Temporal Resolution
                                                                                              1. Spectral Resolution
                                                                                              2. Scale Considerations
                                                                                                1. Local Scale Applications
                                                                                                  1. Regional Scale Applications
                                                                                                    1. Global Scale Applications
                                                                                                    2. Multispectral Data
                                                                                                      1. Vegetation Indices
                                                                                                        1. Land Cover Classification
                                                                                                          1. Phenological Monitoring
                                                                                                          2. Hyperspectral Data
                                                                                                            1. Species Identification
                                                                                                              1. Stress Detection
                                                                                                                1. Chemical Composition
                                                                                                              2. LiDAR Applications
                                                                                                                1. Canopy Structure Analysis
                                                                                                                  1. Canopy Height Models
                                                                                                                    1. Canopy Density
                                                                                                                      1. Vertical Structure
                                                                                                                      2. Topographic Mapping
                                                                                                                        1. Digital Elevation Models
                                                                                                                          1. Slope and Aspect
                                                                                                                            1. Watershed Delineation
                                                                                                                            2. Biomass Estimation
                                                                                                                              1. Forest Inventory
                                                                                                                            3. Geographic Information Systems
                                                                                                                              1. Habitat Mapping and Classification
                                                                                                                                1. Land Cover Classification Systems
                                                                                                                                  1. Anderson Classification System
                                                                                                                                    1. National Vegetation Classification
                                                                                                                                      1. Custom Classification Schemes
                                                                                                                                      2. Vegetation Mapping
                                                                                                                                        1. Plant Community Mapping
                                                                                                                                          1. Species Distribution Mapping
                                                                                                                                            1. Habitat Suitability Mapping
                                                                                                                                          2. Spatial Analysis Techniques
                                                                                                                                            1. Overlay Analysis
                                                                                                                                              1. Boolean Operations
                                                                                                                                                1. Weighted Overlay
                                                                                                                                                  1. Suitability Analysis
                                                                                                                                                  2. Buffering and Proximity Analysis
                                                                                                                                                    1. Distance Calculations
                                                                                                                                                      1. Buffer Zone Creation
                                                                                                                                                        1. Nearest Neighbor Analysis
                                                                                                                                                        2. Landscape Pattern Metrics
                                                                                                                                                          1. Patch Metrics
                                                                                                                                                            1. Class Metrics
                                                                                                                                                              1. Landscape Metrics
                                                                                                                                                            2. Database Management
                                                                                                                                                              1. Attribute Data Management
                                                                                                                                                                1. Spatial Data Quality
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Metadata Standards
                                                                                                                                                              2. Field Survey Methods
                                                                                                                                                                1. Vegetation Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Species Composition and Richness
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Species Identification
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Field Guides and Keys
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Taxonomic Expertise
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Voucher Specimens
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Diversity Indices
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Shannon-Weaver Index
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Simpson's Index
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Species Accumulation Curves
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Abundance Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Percent Cover
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Density Counts
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Frequency Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Vegetation Structure and Density
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Canopy Cover Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Densiometer Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Point Intercept Method
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Photographic Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Vertical Structure
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Canopy Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Height Measurements
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Foliage Height Diversity
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Horizontal Structure
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Spatial Distribution Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Gap Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Patch Size Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Sampling Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Transects
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Line Transects
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Belt Transects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Point-Intercept Transects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Plots and Quadrats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Fixed Area Plots
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Variable Radius Plots
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Nested Plots
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Sampling Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Random Sampling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Systematic Sampling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Stratified Sampling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Data Collection Protocols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Standardized Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Quality Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Data Recording
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Wildlife Population and Habitat Use Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Direct Observation Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Point Counts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Fixed Radius Counts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Variable Radius Counts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Distance Sampling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Visual Encounter Surveys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Strip Transects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Area Searches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Timed Searches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Behavioral Observations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Activity Budgets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Habitat Use Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Social Interactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Mark-Recapture Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Marking Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Physical Tags
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Natural Markings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Temporary Marks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Population Estimation Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Lincoln-Petersen Estimator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Jolly-Seber Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Closed Population Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Study Design Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Capture Probability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Marking Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Population Closure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Camera Trapping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Camera Placement Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Trail Placement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Habitat-Based Placement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Grid Sampling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Data Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Image Processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Species Identification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Database Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Analysis Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Occupancy Modeling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Abundance Estimation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Activity Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Track, Scat, and Sign Surveys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Identification Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Track Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Scat Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Feeding Signs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Survey Protocols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Transect Surveys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Plot Surveys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Opportunistic Surveys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Data Interpretation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Presence-Absence Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Relative Abundance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Habitat Associations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Telemetry and GPS Tracking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Tagging and Attachment Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Radio Collars
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. GPS Collars
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Implanted Transmitters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Data Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Home Range Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Movement Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Habitat Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Mapping Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Location Mapping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Movement Corridors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Activity Centers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Soil and Water Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Soil Sampling and Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Sampling Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Grid Sampling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Transect Sampling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Targeted Sampling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Soil Texture and Structure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Particle Size Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Bulk Density
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Porosity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Chemical Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. pH Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Nutrient Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Organic Matter Content
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Contaminant Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Heavy Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Pesticide Residues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Water Quality Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Physical Parameters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Temperature
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Turbidity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Flow Rate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Chemical Parameters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. pH Levels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Dissolved Oxygen
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Nutrient Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Pollutant Levels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Biological Parameters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Bacterial Counts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Algae Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Macroinvertebrate Communities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Hydrological Measurements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Stream Flow and Discharge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Flow Gauging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Velocity Measurements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Cross-Sectional Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Water Table Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Well Installation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Water Level Measurements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Seasonal Fluctuations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Precipitation Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Rain Gauges
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Snow Measurements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Evapotranspiration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3. Evaluating Habitat Quality
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Habitat Suitability Index Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Model Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Variable Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Suitability Functions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Model Validation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Model Selection and Calibration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Species-Specific Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Multi-Species Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Model Parameterization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Application to Management Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Habitat Ranking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Impact Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Restoration Prioritization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Use of Indicator Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Selection Criteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Ecological Sensitivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Ease of Detection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Management Relevance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Monitoring Protocols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Survey Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Sampling Frequency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Data Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Interpretation of Results
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Habitat Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Management Implications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Landscape Metrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Patch-Level Metrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Patch Size
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Area Calculations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Size Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Minimum Viable Patch Size
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Patch Shape
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Shape Indices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Edge-to-Area Ratios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Perimeter Complexity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Core Area Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Edge Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Interior Habitat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Core Area Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Class-Level Metrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Total Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Number of Patches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Mean Patch Size
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Patch Density
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Landscape-Level Metrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Connectivity Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Corridor Identification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Connectivity Indices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Network Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Fragmentation Indices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Fragmentation Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Isolation Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Habitat Interspersion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Diversity Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Habitat Diversity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Evenness Indices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Dominance Measures

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Foundations of Habitat Science

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Go to top

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                3. Habitat Management Techniques