Energy and Environment

  1. Cross-Cutting Environmental Impacts of Energy Systems
    1. Climate Change and Energy
      1. Greenhouse Effect Mechanism
        1. Radiative Forcing
          1. Feedback Mechanisms
            1. Climate Sensitivity
            2. Major Greenhouse Gases from Energy
              1. Carbon Dioxide
                1. Sources and Sinks
                  1. Atmospheric Lifetime
                  2. Methane
                    1. Sources from Energy Systems
                      1. Global Warming Potential
                      2. Nitrous Oxide
                        1. Formation Mechanisms
                        2. Fluorinated Gases
                        3. Climate Impact Assessment
                          1. Global Warming Potential
                            1. Carbon Footprint Analysis
                              1. Lifecycle Emissions
                              2. Observed Climate Changes
                                1. Precipitation Patterns
                                  1. Sea Level Rise
                                    1. Ice Sheet Changes
                                    2. Projected Climate Impacts
                                      1. Temperature Projections
                                        1. Extreme Weather Events
                                          1. Regional Climate Changes
                                            1. Ecosystem Disruption
                                          2. Air Quality and Pollution
                                            1. Atmospheric Chemistry
                                              1. Primary Pollutants
                                                1. Secondary Pollutant Formation
                                                  1. Atmospheric Transport
                                                  2. Major Air Pollutants
                                                    1. Criteria Pollutants
                                                      1. Particulate Matter
                                                        1. Ozone
                                                          1. Carbon Monoxide
                                                            1. Sulfur Dioxide
                                                              1. Nitrogen Dioxide
                                                                1. Lead
                                                                2. Hazardous Air Pollutants
                                                                  1. Mercury
                                                                    1. Benzene
                                                                      1. Formaldehyde
                                                                    2. Acid Deposition
                                                                      1. Formation Mechanisms
                                                                        1. Environmental Effects
                                                                          1. Ecosystem Impacts
                                                                          2. Smog Formation
                                                                            1. Photochemical Smog
                                                                              1. London-type Smog
                                                                                1. Urban Air Quality
                                                                                2. Health Impacts
                                                                                  1. Respiratory Effects
                                                                                    1. Cardiovascular Disease
                                                                                      1. Cancer Risks
                                                                                        1. Vulnerable Populations
                                                                                        2. Ecosystem Effects
                                                                                          1. Vegetation Damage
                                                                                            1. Soil Acidification
                                                                                              1. Aquatic Ecosystem Impacts
                                                                                            2. Water Resources and Energy
                                                                                              1. Water Use in Energy Production
                                                                                                1. Thermoelectric Cooling
                                                                                                  1. Hydropower Operations
                                                                                                    1. Fuel Processing
                                                                                                      1. Biofuel Production
                                                                                                      2. Water Quality Impacts
                                                                                                        1. Thermal Pollution
                                                                                                          1. Chemical Contamination
                                                                                                            1. Acid Mine Drainage
                                                                                                              1. Oil and Gas Wastewater
                                                                                                              2. Water Scarcity Issues
                                                                                                                1. Competing Water Demands
                                                                                                                  1. Regional Water Stress
                                                                                                                    1. Drought Impacts on Energy
                                                                                                                    2. Water-Energy Nexus
                                                                                                                      1. Energy for Water Treatment
                                                                                                                        1. Water for Energy Production
                                                                                                                          1. Integrated Management
                                                                                                                        2. Land Use and Terrestrial Ecosystems
                                                                                                                          1. Direct Land Use Impacts
                                                                                                                            1. Mining Operations
                                                                                                                              1. Power Plant Siting
                                                                                                                                1. Transmission Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                  1. Energy Crop Production
                                                                                                                                  2. Habitat Fragmentation
                                                                                                                                    1. Wildlife Corridors
                                                                                                                                      1. Edge Effects
                                                                                                                                        1. Population Isolation
                                                                                                                                        2. Soil Impacts
                                                                                                                                          1. Erosion and Degradation
                                                                                                                                            1. Contamination
                                                                                                                                              1. Compaction
                                                                                                                                              2. Biodiversity Effects
                                                                                                                                                1. Species Displacement
                                                                                                                                                  1. Ecosystem Services Loss
                                                                                                                                                    1. Invasive Species Introduction
                                                                                                                                                    2. Waste Management
                                                                                                                                                      1. Solid Waste Disposal
                                                                                                                                                        1. Hazardous Waste Treatment
                                                                                                                                                          1. Remediation Technologies