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Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Electronic Devices and Circuits
1. Introduction to Electronics
2. Semiconductor Physics
3. The p-n Junction Diode
4. Diode Applications and Circuits
5. Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs)
6. Field-Effect Transistors (FETs)
7. Single-Stage Amplifiers
8. Multistage Amplifiers
9. Frequency Response of Amplifiers
10. Operational Amplifiers
11. Feedback in Amplifiers
12. Oscillators
13. Power Amplifiers
14. Power Supply Circuits
Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs)
BJT Structure and Basic Operation
Physical Structure
NPN Transistor Construction
PNP Transistor Construction
Base Width Considerations
Transistor Action
Emitter Injection
Base Transport
Collector Collection
Current Components
Emitter Current
Base Current
Collector Current
Current Relationships
BJT Current Gains
Common-Base Current Gain (α)
Definition and Typical Values
Alpha Cutoff Frequency
Common-Emitter Current Gain (β)
Definition and Typical Values
Beta Cutoff Frequency
Relationship between α and β
BJT Operating Regions
Active Region
Forward-Active Mode
Amplification Characteristics
Saturation Region
Both Junctions Forward Biased
Switch ON State
Cutoff Region
Both Junctions Reverse Biased
Switch OFF State
Inverse Active Region
Reverse Operation Mode
BJT Configurations and Characteristics
Common-Base Configuration
Input Characteristics
Output Characteristics
Current Gain and Input Resistance
Common-Emitter Configuration
Input Characteristics
Output Characteristics
Current Gain and Input Resistance
Common-Collector Configuration
Input Characteristics
Output Characteristics
Voltage Gain and Input Resistance
BJT Biasing Circuits
Fixed Bias Configuration
Circuit Analysis
Stability Issues
Emitter Bias Configuration
Improved Stability
Circuit Analysis
Voltage Divider Bias
Most Common Biasing Method
Design Considerations
Stability Analysis
Collector Feedback Bias
Self-Biasing Action
Circuit Analysis
Emitter Follower Bias
Bias Stability
Stability Factors
Temperature Effects
Beta Variation Effects
Thermal Runaway
Causes and Prevention
Compensation Techniques
BJT as an Amplifier
DC and AC Load Lines
Q-Point Selection
Maximum Signal Swing
Small-Signal Operation
Linear Amplification
Distortion Considerations
Large-Signal Operation
Clipping and Saturation
BJT Small-Signal Models
Hybrid-π Model
Model Parameters
Equivalent Circuit
Parameter Extraction
T-Model
Alternative Representation
Model Parameters
h-Parameter Model
Two-Port Network Representation
h-Parameter Definitions
Measurement Techniques
BJT Switching Characteristics
Switching Times
Delay Time
Rise Time
Storage Time
Fall Time
Switching Speed Limitations
Speed-Up Techniques
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4. Diode Applications and Circuits
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6. Field-Effect Transistors (FETs)