Earth System Science

  1. Earth System Interactions and Cycles
    1. Biogeochemical Cycles
      1. The Global Carbon Cycle
        1. Major Reservoirs
          1. Atmosphere
            1. Oceans
              1. Land Biosphere
                1. Geosphere
                2. Key Fluxes
                  1. Photosynthesis
                    1. Respiration
                      1. Combustion
                        1. Ocean-Atmosphere Exchange
                          1. Decomposition
                          2. Short-term vs. Long-term Cycles
                          3. The Nitrogen Cycle
                            1. Nitrogen Fixation
                              1. Nitrification
                                1. Assimilation
                                  1. Ammonification
                                    1. Denitrification
                                    2. The Phosphorus Cycle
                                      1. Major Reservoirs
                                        1. Weathering and Erosion
                                          1. Biological Uptake
                                            1. Sedimentation
                                            2. The Sulfur Cycle
                                              1. Major Reservoirs
                                                1. Atmospheric Processes
                                                  1. Biological Processes
                                                    1. Human Influences
                                                  2. Sphere Interactions
                                                    1. Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions
                                                      1. El Niño-Southern Oscillation
                                                        1. Ocean-Atmosphere Heat Exchange
                                                          1. Ocean Acidification
                                                          2. Land-Atmosphere Interactions
                                                            1. Dust Storms
                                                              1. Transpiration and Evapotranspiration
                                                                1. Land Surface Changes
                                                                2. Biosphere-Geosphere Interactions
                                                                  1. Soil Formation
                                                                    1. Fossil Fuel Formation
                                                                      1. Bioturbation
                                                                      2. Hydrosphere-Geosphere Interactions
                                                                        1. Coastal Erosion
                                                                          1. Karst Topography
                                                                            1. River Channel Formation

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                                                                        5. The Biosphere

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                                                                        7. Earth System History