Earth System Science

  1. The Biosphere
    1. Origin and Evolution of Life
      1. Theories of Life's Origin
        1. Major Evolutionary Milestones
          1. Fossil Record
          2. Ecosystems and Biomes
            1. Definition of Ecosystem
              1. Terrestrial Biomes
                1. Tropical Rainforests
                  1. Deserts
                    1. Grasslands
                      1. Temperate Forests
                        1. Boreal Forests
                          1. Tundra
                          2. Aquatic Biomes
                            1. Freshwater Biomes
                              1. Marine Biomes
                            2. Energy Flow in Ecosystems
                              1. Photosynthesis and Primary Production
                                1. Light Reactions
                                  1. Carbon Fixation
                                  2. Trophic Levels and Food Webs
                                    1. Producers
                                      1. Consumers
                                        1. Decomposers
                                          1. Food Chains vs. Food Webs
                                            1. Energy Transfer Efficiency
                                          2. Life's Influence on Earth Systems
                                            1. Role in Atmospheric Composition
                                              1. Oxygen Production
                                                1. Carbon Dioxide Uptake and Release
                                                2. Role in Weathering and Soil Formation
                                                  1. Biological Weathering
                                                    1. Soil Microorganisms
                                                    2. Role in Biogeochemical Cycles
                                                      1. Carbon Cycle
                                                        1. Nitrogen Cycle
                                                          1. Phosphorus Cycle

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                                                      4. The Atmosphere

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                                                      6. Earth System Interactions and Cycles