Cell and Tissue Engineering

  1. Signaling and Bioreactor Systems
    1. Biochemical Signaling
      1. Growth Factors
        1. Transforming Growth Factor Beta Family
          1. TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3
            1. Signaling Pathways
              1. Tissue Repair Functions
              2. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
                1. BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-7
                  1. Bone and Cartilage Formation
                  2. Fibroblast Growth Factors
                    1. FGF-1, FGF-2
                      1. Angiogenesis
                        1. Cell Proliferation
                        2. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
                          1. VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C
                            1. Angiogenesis
                              1. Vascular Permeability
                              2. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
                                1. PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB
                                  1. Wound Healing
                                  2. Insulin-Like Growth Factor
                                    1. IGF-1, IGF-2
                                      1. Cell Growth and Survival
                                    2. Cytokines
                                      1. Interleukins
                                        1. Tumor Necrosis Factor
                                          1. Interferons
                                          2. Hormones
                                            1. Thyroid Hormones
                                              1. Growth Hormone
                                                1. Insulin
                                                2. Small Molecules
                                                  1. Ascorbic Acid
                                                    1. Dexamethasone
                                                      1. β-Glycerophosphate
                                                      2. Delivery Systems
                                                        1. Controlled Release
                                                          1. Microspheres
                                                            1. Hydrogels
                                                              1. Nanoparticles
                                                              2. Gene Delivery
                                                                1. Viral Vectors
                                                                  1. Lentiviral Vectors
                                                                    1. Adenoviral Vectors
                                                                      1. Retroviral Vectors
                                                                      2. Non-Viral Vectors
                                                                        1. Liposomes
                                                                          1. Electroporation
                                                                            1. Nanoparticles
                                                                      3. Physical and Mechanical Signaling
                                                                        1. Mechanical Loading
                                                                          1. Compression
                                                                            1. Bone and Cartilage
                                                                              1. Loading Protocols
                                                                              2. Tension
                                                                                1. Ligament and Tendon
                                                                                  1. Cyclic Loading
                                                                                  2. Shear Stress
                                                                                    1. Fluid Flow
                                                                                      1. Endothelial Response
                                                                                    2. Substrate Properties
                                                                                      1. Stiffness
                                                                                        1. Elastic Modulus
                                                                                          1. Stem Cell Differentiation
                                                                                          2. Topography
                                                                                            1. Surface Roughness
                                                                                              1. Micro/Nano Patterns
                                                                                                1. Contact Guidance
                                                                                              2. Mechanotransduction
                                                                                                1. Mechanosensitive Channels
                                                                                                  1. Integrin-Mediated Signaling
                                                                                                    1. Cytoskeletal Response
                                                                                                  2. Bioreactor Systems
                                                                                                    1. Bioreactor Functions
                                                                                                      1. Mass Transport
                                                                                                        1. Nutrient Delivery
                                                                                                          1. Waste Removal
                                                                                                            1. Oxygen Transfer
                                                                                                            2. Environmental Control
                                                                                                              1. Temperature
                                                                                                                1. pH
                                                                                                                  1. Dissolved Oxygen
                                                                                                                    1. CO2 Concentration
                                                                                                                    2. Mechanical Stimulation
                                                                                                                      1. Loading Patterns
                                                                                                                        1. Frequency and Amplitude
                                                                                                                        2. Monitoring and Control
                                                                                                                          1. Sensors
                                                                                                                            1. Feedback Systems
                                                                                                                          2. Bioreactor Types
                                                                                                                            1. Static Culture Systems
                                                                                                                              1. Culture Flasks
                                                                                                                                1. Well Plates
                                                                                                                                2. Dynamic Culture Systems
                                                                                                                                  1. Spinner Flasks
                                                                                                                                    1. Stirred Systems
                                                                                                                                      1. Mixing Patterns
                                                                                                                                      2. Rotating Wall Vessels
                                                                                                                                        1. Microgravity Simulation
                                                                                                                                          1. Low Shear Environment
                                                                                                                                          2. Perfusion Systems
                                                                                                                                            1. Flow-Through Chambers
                                                                                                                                              1. Nutrient Gradients
                                                                                                                                            2. Mechanical Loading Bioreactors
                                                                                                                                              1. Compression Bioreactors
                                                                                                                                                1. Tension Bioreactors
                                                                                                                                                  1. Flexural Loading
                                                                                                                                                  2. Specialized Bioreactors
                                                                                                                                                    1. Cardiac Bioreactors
                                                                                                                                                      1. Bone Bioreactors
                                                                                                                                                        1. Vascular Bioreactors

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                                                                                                                                                  4. Biomaterials and Scaffold Design

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                                                                                                                                                  6. Tissue Engineering Strategies