Business Administration

Business Administration is the comprehensive process of managing an organization's resources, operations, and people to achieve its strategic objectives. It encompasses the core management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling across all essential business areas, such as finance, marketing, human resources, and operations. As a foundational discipline within general management, it focuses on ensuring the efficient and effective performance of a company or non-profit, steering the entire enterprise toward its goals.

1. Introduction to Business Administration
   1. Defining Business and Management
      1. Definition of Business
      2. Definition of Management
      3. The Purpose of a Business
         1. Profit Maximization
         2. Value Creation
         3. Social Responsibility
      4. Types of Business Organizations
         1. Sole Proprietorship
            1. Characteristics
            2. Advantages
            3. Disadvantages
            4. Legal Implications
            5. Tax Implications
         2. Partnership
            1. General Partnership
            2. Limited Partnership
            3. Limited Liability Partnership
            4. Formation Process
            5. Partnership Structure
            6. Advantages
            7. Disadvantages
         3. Corporation
            1. C-Corporation
            2. S-Corporation
            3. Corporate Governance Structure
            4. Board of Directors
            5. Shareholders
            6. Advantages
            7. Disadvantages
         4. Limited Liability Company
            1. Structure and Flexibility
            2. Legal Protections
            3. Tax Considerations
            4. Operating Agreements
         5. Non-profit Organizations
            1. Purpose and Mission
            2. Legal Status
            3. Tax Exemption
            4. Governance Structure
            5. Funding Sources
      5. The Role of the Administrator and Manager
         1. Key Responsibilities
         2. Required Skills and Competencies
         3. Decision-Making Authority
         4. Relationship with Stakeholders
   2. Historical Evolution of Management Thought
      1. Classical Management Theories
         1. Scientific Management
            1. Frederick Taylor's Contributions
            2. Principles of Scientific Management
            3. Time and Motion Studies
            4. Impact on Productivity
         2. Administrative Theory
            1. Henri Fayol's Contributions
            2. Fayol's 14 Principles of Management
            3. Functions of Management
         3. Bureaucratic Management
            1. Max Weber's Contributions
            2. Characteristics of Bureaucracy
            3. Rules and Hierarchy
            4. Rational-Legal Authority
      2. Behavioral and Human Relations Theories
         1. The Hawthorne Studies
            1. Experiments and Findings
            2. Impact on Worker Motivation
            3. Social Factors in Productivity
         2. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
            1. Physiological Needs
            2. Safety Needs
            3. Social Needs
            4. Esteem Needs
            5. Self-Actualization Needs
            6. Application in the Workplace
         3. McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
            1. Assumptions of Theory X
            2. Assumptions of Theory Y
            3. Implications for Management Style
      3. Quantitative and Systems Approaches
         1. Management Science
            1. Quantitative Decision-Making Tools
            2. Operations Research
            3. Mathematical Models
         2. Operations Management
            1. Process Optimization
            2. Efficiency Improvement
            3. Quality Control
         3. Systems Theory
            1. Organizations as Systems
            2. Inputs
            3. Processes
            4. Outputs
            5. Feedback Loops
      4. Contemporary Management Perspectives
         1. Contingency Theory
            1. Situational Variables
            2. Application in Management Practice
         2. Total Quality Management
            1. Principles of TQM
            2. Continuous Improvement
            3. Customer Focus
         3. The Learning Organization
            1. Characteristics of Learning Organizations
            2. Knowledge Management
            3. Organizational Learning
   3. The Business Environment
      1. The Internal Environment
         1. Organizational Culture
            1. Elements of Culture
            2. Values and Beliefs
            3. Norms and Behaviors
            4. Shaping Culture
            5. Changing Culture
         2. Corporate Resources
            1. Human Resources
            2. Financial Resources
            3. Physical Resources
            4. Technological Resources
            5. Intangible Resources
         3. Management and Employees
            1. Roles and Relationships
            2. Employee Engagement
            3. Communication Channels
      2. The External Environment
         1. Political and Legal Forces
            1. Government Regulation
            2. Legal Compliance
            3. Political Stability
         2. Economic Forces
            1. Economic Cycles
            2. Inflation
            3. Interest Rates
            4. Globalization
         3. Sociocultural Forces
            1. Demographic Trends
            2. Social Values
            3. Lifestyle Changes
            4. Cultural Diversity
         4. Technological Forces
            1. Innovation and Disruption
            2. Adoption of New Technologies
            3. Digital Transformation
         5. Environmental Forces
            1. Sustainability
            2. Environmental Regulations
            3. Climate Change Impact
      3. The Task Environment
         1. Customers
            1. Customer Needs and Expectations
            2. Customer Relationship Management
            3. Customer Segmentation
         2. Competitors
            1. Competitive Analysis
            2. Market Positioning
            3. Competitive Advantage
         3. Suppliers
            1. Supplier Relationships
            2. Supply Chain Dependencies
            3. Supplier Evaluation
         4. Labor Market
            1. Workforce Availability
            2. Labor Unions
            3. Labor Relations