Biology of Aging

The biology of aging, or biogerontology, is the scientific field dedicated to understanding the fundamental mechanisms that drive the progressive, time-dependent decline in physiological function over an organism's lifespan. This discipline investigates a complex array of changes at the molecular and cellular levels, such as genomic instability, telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence. These underlying processes collectively impair the ability of tissues and organs to maintain homeostasis and respond to stress, which in turn increases an organism's susceptibility to major age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegeneration, making it a critical field for improving human healthspan and longevity.

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2. Theories of Aging