Biology of Aging

  1. Measuring Biological Age
    1. Biomarkers of Aging
      1. Criteria for biomarker selection
        1. Predictive value
          1. Reproducibility
            1. Non-invasive measurement
              1. Cost-effectiveness
              2. Commonly used biomarkers
                1. Telomere length
                  1. Inflammatory markers
                    1. Metabolic markers
                      1. Physical function measures
                      2. Composite biomarker panels
                      3. Epigenetic Clocks
                        1. Principles of epigenetic aging clocks
                          1. DNA methylation patterns
                            1. Machine learning algorithms
                              1. Training datasets
                              2. Horvath's Clock
                                1. Methodology
                                  1. Multi-tissue applicability
                                    1. Age acceleration
                                    2. Hannum's Clock
                                      1. Methodology
                                        1. Blood-specific clock
                                          1. Mortality prediction
                                          2. PhenoAge and GrimAge
                                            1. Composite measures
                                              1. Predictive value
                                                1. Clinical chemistry integration
                                                2. Second-generation clocks
                                                  1. Tissue-specific clocks
                                                  2. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Clocks
                                                    1. Gene expression-based clocks
                                                      1. RNA sequencing approaches
                                                        1. Pathway analysis
                                                        2. Protein-based aging signatures
                                                          1. Mass spectrometry
                                                            1. Targeted proteomics
                                                            2. Metabolomic clocks
                                                            3. Functional Assessments
                                                              1. Grip Strength
                                                                1. Measurement techniques
                                                                  1. Association with health outcomes
                                                                    1. Normative values
                                                                    2. Gait Speed
                                                                      1. Assessment protocols
                                                                        1. Predictive value
                                                                          1. Frailty indicator
                                                                          2. Cognitive Tests
                                                                            1. Types of cognitive assessments
                                                                              1. Memory tests
                                                                                1. Processing speed
                                                                                  1. Executive function
                                                                                  2. Relevance to aging
                                                                                    1. Normative aging vs pathology
                                                                                    2. Physical Performance Batteries
                                                                                      1. Short Physical Performance Battery
                                                                                        1. Timed Up and Go test
                                                                                          1. Six-minute walk test
                                                                                        2. Imaging-Based Assessments
                                                                                          1. Brain imaging
                                                                                            1. Structural MRI
                                                                                              1. Functional MRI
                                                                                                1. PET imaging
                                                                                                2. Body composition
                                                                                                  1. DEXA scanning
                                                                                                    1. MRI-based measurements
                                                                                                    2. Vascular imaging
                                                                                                      1. Carotid intima-media thickness
                                                                                                        1. Pulse wave velocity

                                                                                                    Previous

                                                                                                    6. Interventions to Modulate the Aging Process

                                                                                                    Go to top

                                                                                                    Next

                                                                                                    8. Future Directions and Societal Implications