Biogeochemistry

3.

Geological Foundations

3.1.

Rock Cycle and Mineral Weathering

3.1.1.

3.1.1.1.

Formation Processes

3.1.1.2.

Primary Minerals

3.1.2.

Sedimentary Rocks

3.1.2.1.

Clastic Sediments

3.1.2.2.

Chemical Precipitates

3.1.2.3.

Organic Sediments

3.1.3.

Metamorphic Rocks

3.1.3.1.

Metamorphic Processes

3.1.3.2.

Mineral Transformations

3.1.4.

Weathering Processes

3.1.4.1.

Physical Weathering

3.1.4.1.1.

Freeze-Thaw Cycles

3.1.4.1.2.

Thermal Expansion

3.1.4.1.3.

Biological Physical Weathering

3.1.4.2.

Chemical Weathering

3.1.4.2.1.

3.1.4.2.2.

3.1.4.2.3.

3.1.4.2.4.

3.1.4.3.

Weathering Rates

3.1.4.3.1.

Factors Controlling Rates

3.1.4.3.2.

Laboratory vs Field Rates

3.2.

Soil Formation and Properties

3.2.1.

Soil Forming Factors

3.2.1.1.

Parent Material

3.2.1.2.

3.2.1.3.

3.2.1.4.

3.2.1.5.

3.2.2.

3.2.2.1.

3.2.2.2.

3.2.2.3.

3.2.2.4.

3.2.3.

Soil Properties

3.2.3.1.

Texture and Structure

3.2.3.2.

Porosity and Permeability

3.2.3.3.

Cation Exchange Capacity

3.2.3.4.

pH and Base Saturation

3.3.

Hydrological Processes

3.3.1.

Water Cycle Components

3.3.1.1.

3.3.1.2.

3.3.1.3.

3.3.1.4.

3.3.1.5.

3.3.2.

Groundwater Systems

3.3.2.1.

3.3.2.2.

Groundwater Flow

3.3.2.3.

Water Table Dynamics

3.3.3.

Surface Water Systems

3.3.3.1.

3.3.3.2.

3.3.3.3.

Wetland Hydrology

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4. Biological Foundations