Biogeochemistry

  1. Analytical Methods and Techniques
    1. Field Sampling and Measurements
      1. Water Sampling
        1. Surface Water Collection
          1. Groundwater Sampling
            1. Depth-Integrated Sampling
              1. Filtration and Preservation
              2. Soil and Sediment Sampling
                1. Sampling Design
                  1. Core Collection
                    1. Sample Preservation
                      1. Field Measurements
                      2. Gas Sampling
                        1. Chamber Methods
                          1. Flux Measurements
                            1. Atmospheric Sampling
                            2. In-situ Sensors
                              1. pH and Dissolved Oxygen
                                1. Nutrient Sensors
                                  1. Turbidity and Chlorophyll
                                    1. Data Logging Systems
                                    2. Flux Measurements
                                      1. Eddy Covariance
                                        1. Chamber Methods
                                          1. Gradient Methods
                                        2. Laboratory Analytical Methods
                                          1. Wet Chemical Methods
                                            1. Colorimetric Analysis
                                              1. Titrations
                                                1. Ion-Selective Electrodes
                                                2. Instrumental Methods
                                                  1. Spectrophotometry
                                                    1. UV-Visible Spectroscopy
                                                      1. Atomic Absorption
                                                        1. Atomic Emission
                                                        2. Chromatography
                                                          1. Gas Chromatography
                                                            1. High Performance Liquid Chromatography
                                                              1. Ion Chromatography
                                                              2. Mass Spectrometry
                                                                1. Quadrupole MS
                                                                  1. Time-of-Flight MS
                                                                    1. Tandem MS
                                                                  2. Elemental Analysis
                                                                    1. Carbon and Nitrogen Analyzers
                                                                      1. Sulfur Analysis
                                                                        1. Total Phosphorus
                                                                          1. Trace Element Analysis
                                                                          2. Microscopy
                                                                            1. Light Microscopy
                                                                              1. Electron Microscopy
                                                                                1. X-ray Microanalysis
                                                                              2. Isotope Geochemistry
                                                                                1. Stable Isotope Principles
                                                                                  1. Isotopic Fractionation
                                                                                    1. Mass Balance Calculations
                                                                                      1. Mixing Models
                                                                                      2. Carbon Isotopes
                                                                                        1. δ13C Applications
                                                                                          1. Source Identification
                                                                                            1. Photosynthetic Pathways
                                                                                            2. Nitrogen Isotopes
                                                                                              1. δ15N Applications
                                                                                                1. Nitrogen Source Tracking
                                                                                                  1. Trophic Level Effects
                                                                                                  2. Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes
                                                                                                    1. δ18O Applications
                                                                                                      1. δD Applications
                                                                                                        1. Water Cycle Tracing
                                                                                                        2. Sulfur Isotopes
                                                                                                          1. δ34S Applications
                                                                                                            1. Sulfur Source Identification
                                                                                                            2. Radiogenic Isotopes
                                                                                                              1. Carbon-14 Dating
                                                                                                                1. Lead Isotopes
                                                                                                                  1. Strontium Isotopes
                                                                                                                2. Modeling Approaches
                                                                                                                  1. Box Models
                                                                                                                    1. Single Box Models
                                                                                                                      1. Multi-box Models
                                                                                                                        1. Steady-State Solutions
                                                                                                                          1. Dynamic Solutions
                                                                                                                          2. Process-Based Models
                                                                                                                            1. Mechanistic Models
                                                                                                                              1. Empirical Models
                                                                                                                                1. Hybrid Models
                                                                                                                                2. Spatial Models
                                                                                                                                  1. One-Dimensional Models
                                                                                                                                    1. Two-Dimensional Models
                                                                                                                                      1. Three-Dimensional Models
                                                                                                                                      2. Earth System Models
                                                                                                                                        1. Coupled Models
                                                                                                                                          1. Climate-Biogeochemistry Coupling
                                                                                                                                            1. Model Validation

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                                                                                                                                        13. Human Impacts on Biogeochemical Cycles