Biogeochemistry

  1. Human Impacts on Biogeochemical Cycles
    1. Anthropogenic Carbon Cycle Perturbations
      1. Fossil Fuel Combustion
        1. Coal Burning
          1. Oil and Gas Combustion
            1. Cement Production
            2. Land Use Change
              1. Deforestation
                1. Agricultural Conversion
                  1. Urbanization
                    1. Reforestation and Afforestation
                    2. Atmospheric CO2 Increase
                      1. Future Projections
                        1. Regional Variations
                        2. Climate Feedbacks
                          1. Temperature Effects
                            1. Precipitation Changes
                              1. Ecosystem Responses
                            2. Nitrogen Cycle Alterations
                              1. Industrial Nitrogen Fixation
                                1. Fertilizer Production
                                  1. Energy Requirements
                                  2. Agricultural Applications
                                    1. Fertilizer Use Patterns
                                      1. Crop Nitrogen Uptake
                                        1. Nitrogen Use Efficiency
                                        2. Atmospheric Deposition
                                          1. NOx Emissions
                                            1. NH3 Emissions
                                              1. Deposition Patterns
                                              2. Water Quality Impacts
                                                1. Nitrate Contamination
                                                  1. Eutrophication
                                                    1. Hypoxic Zones
                                                    2. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
                                                      1. N2O from Agriculture
                                                        1. N2O from Combustion
                                                      2. Phosphorus Cycle Modifications
                                                        1. Phosphate Mining
                                                          1. Global Reserves
                                                            1. Mining Impacts
                                                              1. Resource Sustainability
                                                              2. Agricultural Phosphorus
                                                                1. Fertilizer Applications
                                                                  1. Phosphorus Efficiency
                                                                    1. Soil Phosphorus Buildup
                                                                    2. Water Body Eutrophication
                                                                      1. Phosphorus Loading
                                                                        1. Algal Bloom Formation
                                                                          1. Ecosystem Consequences
                                                                          2. Waste Management
                                                                            1. Sewage Treatment
                                                                              1. Animal Waste
                                                                                1. Phosphorus Recovery
                                                                              2. Sulfur Cycle Impacts
                                                                                1. Industrial SO2 Emissions
                                                                                  1. Coal Combustion
                                                                                    1. Metal Smelting
                                                                                      1. Petroleum Refining
                                                                                      2. Acid Rain
                                                                                        1. Formation Mechanisms
                                                                                          1. Environmental Effects
                                                                                            1. Mitigation Strategies
                                                                                            2. Ocean Acidification
                                                                                              1. Sulfur Aerosol Effects
                                                                                                1. pH Changes
                                                                                              2. Trace Element Contamination
                                                                                                1. Heavy Metal Pollution
                                                                                                  1. Sources of Contamination
                                                                                                    1. Environmental Fate
                                                                                                      1. Bioaccumulation
                                                                                                      2. Mercury Cycling
                                                                                                        1. Anthropogenic Sources
                                                                                                          1. Methylmercury Formation
                                                                                                            1. Food Web Bioaccumulation
                                                                                                            2. Persistent Organic Pollutants
                                                                                                              1. Sources and Types
                                                                                                                1. Global Transport
                                                                                                                  1. Environmental Persistence
                                                                                                                    1. Health Effects
                                                                                                                  2. Emerging Contaminants
                                                                                                                    1. Pharmaceuticals
                                                                                                                      1. Personal Care Products
                                                                                                                        1. Microplastics
                                                                                                                          1. Engineered Nanoparticles

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                                                                                                                        12. Analytical Methods and Techniques

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                                                                                                                        14. Biogeochemistry Through Earth History