Biofilms

  1. Biofilms in Medical and Clinical Contexts
    1. Device-Associated Infections
      1. Catheters
        1. Urinary Catheters
          1. Central Venous Catheters
            1. Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters
            2. Medical Implants
              1. Artificial Joints
                1. Heart Valves
                  1. Pacemakers
                    1. Breast Implants
                    2. Ventilators
                      1. Endotracheal Tubes
                        1. Tracheostomy Tubes
                        2. Contact Lenses
                          1. Dental Implants
                          2. Chronic Infections
                            1. Cystic Fibrosis Lung Infections
                              1. Chronic Wounds
                                1. Diabetic Foot Ulcers
                                  1. Pressure Sores
                                    1. Venous Leg Ulcers
                                    2. Periodontitis (Dental Plaque)
                                      1. Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infections)
                                        1. Chronic Sinusitis
                                          1. Chronic Prostatitis
                                            1. Osteomyelitis
                                            2. Nosocomial (Hospital-Acquired) Infections
                                              1. Prevalence and Impact
                                                1. Common Pathogens
                                                  1. Staphylococcus epidermidis
                                                    1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
                                                      1. Candida species
                                                      2. Prevention and Control Measures
                                                        1. Economic Burden
                                                        2. Diagnostic Challenges
                                                          1. Detection Methods
                                                            1. Sampling Difficulties
                                                              1. Interpretation of Results

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                                                            5. Biofilm Resistance and Persistence

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                                                            7. Biofilms in Industrial and Environmental Systems