Bacteriology

  1. Bacterial Morphology and Ultrastructure
    1. Cellular Shapes and Arrangements
      1. Cocci (Spherical)
        1. Diplococci
          1. Streptococci
            1. Staphylococci
              1. Tetrads
                1. Sarcinae
                2. Bacilli (Rod-shaped)
                  1. Single Bacilli
                    1. Diplobacilli
                      1. Streptobacilli
                        1. Coccobacilli
                          1. Palisades
                          2. Spiral Forms
                            1. Vibrios
                              1. Spirilla
                                1. Spirochetes
                                2. Other Shapes
                                  1. Pleomorphic Bacteria
                                    1. Filamentous Bacteria
                                      1. Star-shaped Bacteria
                                        1. Square Bacteria
                                      2. The Bacterial Cell Envelope
                                        1. The Cell Wall
                                          1. Peptidoglycan Structure and Synthesis
                                            1. Chemical Composition
                                              1. Cross-linking Mechanisms
                                                1. Enzymes Involved in Synthesis
                                                  1. Biosynthetic Pathway
                                                  2. Gram-Positive Cell Wall
                                                    1. Thick Peptidoglycan Layer
                                                      1. Teichoic Acids
                                                        1. Lipoteichoic Acids
                                                          1. Wall-Associated Proteins
                                                          2. Gram-Negative Cell Wall
                                                            1. Thin Peptidoglycan Layer
                                                              1. Outer Membrane Structure
                                                                1. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
                                                                  1. Periplasmic Space
                                                                    1. Porins
                                                                    2. Atypical Cell Walls
                                                                      1. Acid-Fast Bacteria (Mycobacteria)
                                                                        1. Mycolic Acids
                                                                          1. Staining Properties
                                                                            1. Waxy Cell Wall
                                                                            2. Mycoplasmas (Wall-less)
                                                                              1. Lack of Peptidoglycan
                                                                                1. Sterols in Membrane
                                                                                  1. Pleomorphic Nature
                                                                              2. The Plasma Membrane
                                                                                1. Phospholipid Bilayer Structure
                                                                                  1. Membrane Proteins
                                                                                    1. Integral Proteins
                                                                                      1. Peripheral Proteins
                                                                                        1. Transport Proteins
                                                                                        2. Transport Mechanisms
                                                                                          1. Passive Transport
                                                                                            1. Active Transport
                                                                                              1. Group Translocation
                                                                                              2. Membrane Functions
                                                                                                1. Energy Conservation
                                                                                                  1. Biosynthesis
                                                                                                    1. Signal Transduction
                                                                                                2. Cytoplasmic Components
                                                                                                  1. The Cytoplasm
                                                                                                    1. Composition
                                                                                                      1. Cytosol
                                                                                                        1. pH and Ionic Strength
                                                                                                        2. The Nucleoid
                                                                                                          1. Bacterial Chromosome
                                                                                                            1. Structure and Organization
                                                                                                              1. Supercoiling
                                                                                                                1. DNA-Binding Proteins
                                                                                                              2. Ribosomes (70S)
                                                                                                                1. Structure and Function
                                                                                                                  1. Subunit Composition
                                                                                                                    1. Differences from Eukaryotic Ribosomes
                                                                                                                      1. Polyribosomes
                                                                                                                      2. Plasmids
                                                                                                                        1. Types of Plasmids
                                                                                                                          1. Resistance Plasmids
                                                                                                                            1. Virulence Plasmids
                                                                                                                              1. Fertility Plasmids
                                                                                                                                1. Metabolic Plasmids
                                                                                                                                2. Functions and Significance
                                                                                                                                  1. Replication
                                                                                                                                  2. Inclusions and Granules
                                                                                                                                    1. Storage Granules
                                                                                                                                      1. Glycogen Granules
                                                                                                                                        1. Polyphosphate Granules
                                                                                                                                          1. Sulfur Granules
                                                                                                                                            1. Polyhydroxyalkanoate Granules
                                                                                                                                            2. Gas Vesicles
                                                                                                                                              1. Magnetosomes
                                                                                                                                                1. Carboxysomes
                                                                                                                                              2. External Structures
                                                                                                                                                1. Glycocalyx
                                                                                                                                                  1. Capsule
                                                                                                                                                    1. Structure and Composition
                                                                                                                                                      1. Role in Virulence
                                                                                                                                                        1. Protection from Phagocytosis
                                                                                                                                                        2. Slime Layer
                                                                                                                                                          1. Structure and Composition
                                                                                                                                                            1. Role in Biofilm Formation
                                                                                                                                                              1. Environmental Protection
                                                                                                                                                            2. Flagella
                                                                                                                                                              1. Structure and Function
                                                                                                                                                                1. Filament
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Hook
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Basal Body
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Arrangements
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Monotrichous
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Lophotrichous
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Amphitrichous
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Peritrichous
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Flagellar Motion
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Rotation Mechanism
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Swimming and Tumbling
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Chemotaxis
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Mechanism of Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Signal Transduction
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Attractants and Repellents
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Pili and Fimbriae
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Attachment Fimbriae
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Structure
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Role in Adherence
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Tissue Specificity
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Sex Pili (Conjugation)
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Structure
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Role in DNA Transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. F Pili
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Endospores
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Structure and Formation (Sporulation)
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Layers of Endospore
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Exosporium
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Spore Coat
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Cortex
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Core
                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Sporulation Process
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Stages of Sporulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Regulatory Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Resistance Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Heat Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Chemical Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Desiccation Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Radiation Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Germination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Activation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Germination Process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Outgrowth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Ecological Significance

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Introduction to Bacteriology

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3. Bacterial Metabolism and Growth