Autoimmunity

7.

Research Frontiers and Future Directions

7.1.

Precision Medicine in Autoimmunity

7.1.1.

Biomarker Discovery

7.1.1.1.

Genomic Biomarkers

7.1.1.1.1.

Polygenic Risk Scores

7.1.1.1.2.

Pharmacogenomics

7.1.1.2.

Proteomic Biomarkers

7.1.1.2.1.

Serum Protein Signatures

7.1.1.2.2.

Tissue-Specific Markers

7.1.1.3.

Metabolomic Biomarkers

7.1.1.3.1.

Metabolic Pathways

7.1.1.3.2.

Disease Activity Markers

7.1.1.4.

Transcriptomic Biomarkers

7.1.1.4.1.

Gene Expression Signatures

7.1.1.4.2.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

7.1.2.

Patient Stratification

7.1.2.1.

Molecular Subtypes

7.1.2.2.

Treatment Response Prediction

7.1.2.3.

Prognosis Assessment

7.1.3.

Personalized Treatment Approaches

7.1.3.1.

Biomarker-Guided Therapy

7.1.3.2.

Adaptive Treatment Strategies

7.1.3.3.

Combination Therapy Optimization

7.2.

Environmental and Epigenetic Factors

7.2.1.

Exposome Research

7.2.1.1.

Environmental Exposure Assessment

7.2.1.2.

Gene-Environment Interactions

7.2.1.3.

Cumulative Exposure Effects

7.2.2.

Epigenetic Mechanisms

7.2.2.1.

DNA Methylation Patterns

7.2.2.1.1.

CpG Island Methylation

7.2.2.1.2.

Global Hypomethylation

7.2.2.2.

Histone Modifications

7.2.2.2.1.

7.2.2.2.2.

7.2.2.2.3.

7.2.2.3.

Non-coding RNA Regulation

7.2.2.3.1.

7.2.2.3.2.

Long Non-coding RNA

7.2.2.3.3.

7.2.3.

Transgenerational Effects

7.2.3.1.

Epigenetic Inheritance

7.2.3.2.

Maternal Effects

7.2.3.3.

Paternal Contributions

7.3.

Microbiome and Autoimmunity

7.3.1.

Host-Microbe Interactions

7.3.1.1.

Immune System Development

7.3.1.2.

Tolerance Induction

7.3.1.3.

Inflammatory Responses

7.3.2.

Dysbiosis in Autoimmune Diseases

7.3.2.1.

Bacterial Diversity Loss

7.3.2.2.

Pathogenic Bacterial Expansion

7.3.2.3.

Metabolic Dysfunction

7.3.3.

Therapeutic Targeting

7.3.3.1.

Microbiome Restoration

7.3.3.2.

Metabolite Supplementation

7.3.3.3.

Bacterial Engineering

7.4.

Advanced Therapeutic Approaches

7.4.1.

Immune System Reprogramming

7.4.1.1.

Tolerance Restoration

7.4.1.2.

Regulatory Cell Enhancement

7.4.1.3.

Memory Cell Targeting

7.4.2.

Nanotechnology Applications

7.4.2.1.

Targeted Drug Delivery

7.4.2.2.

Immune Modulation

7.4.2.3.

Diagnostic Applications

7.4.3.

Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery

7.4.3.1.

Machine Learning Algorithms

7.4.3.2.

Drug Repurposing

7.4.3.3.

Clinical Trial Optimization

7.5.

Clinical Trial Innovation

7.5.1.

Adaptive Trial Designs

7.5.1.1.

Biomarker-Driven Adaptations

7.5.1.2.

Dose Optimization

7.5.1.3.

Population Enrichment

7.5.2.

Real-World Evidence

7.5.2.1.

Electronic Health Records

7.5.2.2.

Patient Registries

7.5.2.3.

Mobile Health Technologies

7.5.3.

Patient-Centered Outcomes

7.5.3.1.

Quality of Life Measures

7.5.3.2.

Patient-Reported Outcomes

7.5.3.3.

Functional Assessment Tools

7.6.

Global Health Perspectives

7.6.1.

Disease Burden Assessment

7.6.1.1.

Epidemiological Studies

7.6.1.2.

Health Economic Analysis

7.6.1.3.

Disability-Adjusted Life Years

7.6.2.

Health Disparities

7.6.2.1.

Genetic Ancestry Effects

7.6.2.2.

Socioeconomic Factors

7.6.2.3.

Healthcare Access

7.6.3.

International Collaboration

7.6.3.1.

Multi-Center Studies

7.6.3.2.

Data Sharing Initiatives

7.6.3.3.

Regulatory Harmonization

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6. Therapeutic Strategies and Management

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1. Fundamentals of the Immune System