Aquaculture and Ichthyology

  1. Foundations of Ichthyology: The Biology of Fishes
    1. Fish Taxonomy and Systematics
      1. Principles of Classification
        1. Taxonomic Hierarchies
          1. Binomial Nomenclature
            1. Phylogenetic Relationships
            2. Use of Dichotomous Keys
              1. Structure and Application
                1. Limitations and Challenges
                  1. Digital Identification Tools
                  2. Major Groups of Fishes
                    1. Agnatha (Jawless Fishes)
                      1. Characteristics and Examples
                        1. Ecological Roles
                          1. Evolutionary Significance
                          2. Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fishes)
                            1. Sharks
                              1. Rays and Skates
                                1. Chimaeras
                                  1. Unique Features
                                  2. Osteichthyes (Bony Fishes)
                                    1. Ray-finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)
                                      1. Lobe-finned Fishes (Sarcopterygii)
                                        1. Diversity and Adaptations
                                    2. Anatomy and Morphology
                                      1. External Anatomy
                                        1. Body Shapes and Forms
                                          1. Streamlined Forms
                                            1. Flattened Forms
                                              1. Elongated Forms
                                                1. Specialized Body Plans
                                                2. Fins and Locomotion
                                                  1. Types of Fins
                                                    1. Fin Functions
                                                      1. Swimming Modes
                                                        1. Fin Ray Structure
                                                        2. Scales and Skin
                                                          1. Types of Scales
                                                            1. Scale Development
                                                              1. Functions of Skin and Mucus
                                                                1. Pigmentation
                                                                2. Sensory Organs
                                                                  1. Lateral Line System
                                                                    1. Barbels and Tactile Structures
                                                                      1. Eyes and Vision Adaptations
                                                                        1. Electroreception
                                                                      2. Internal Anatomy
                                                                        1. Skeletal System
                                                                          1. Skull Structure
                                                                            1. Vertebral Column
                                                                              1. Fin Supports
                                                                                1. Bone Composition
                                                                                2. Muscular System
                                                                                  1. Muscle Types
                                                                                    1. Locomotor Musculature
                                                                                      1. Muscle Fiber Arrangement
                                                                                      2. Digestive System
                                                                                        1. Mouth and Teeth Types
                                                                                          1. Pharynx and Esophagus
                                                                                            1. Stomach Structure
                                                                                              1. Intestine and Liver
                                                                                                1. Digestive Adaptations
                                                                                                2. Respiratory System
                                                                                                  1. Gill Structure and Function
                                                                                                    1. Gill Ventilation
                                                                                                      1. Accessory Respiratory Organs
                                                                                                        1. Air-breathing Adaptations
                                                                                                        2. Circulatory System
                                                                                                          1. Heart Structure
                                                                                                            1. Blood Vessels and Circulation Patterns
                                                                                                              1. Blood Composition
                                                                                                              2. Excretory and Osmoregulatory System
                                                                                                                1. Kidney Function
                                                                                                                  1. Salt and Water Balance
                                                                                                                    1. Specialized Osmoregulatory Organs
                                                                                                                    2. Nervous System and Brain
                                                                                                                      1. Brain Regions
                                                                                                                        1. Peripheral Nervous System
                                                                                                                          1. Spinal Cord
                                                                                                                          2. Endocrine System
                                                                                                                            1. Major Hormones
                                                                                                                              1. Endocrine Glands
                                                                                                                                1. Hormone Functions
                                                                                                                                2. Reproductive System
                                                                                                                                  1. Gonad Structure
                                                                                                                                    1. Sexual Dimorphism
                                                                                                                                      1. Reproductive Strategies
                                                                                                                                  2. Fish Physiology
                                                                                                                                    1. Respiration and Gas Exchange
                                                                                                                                      1. Gill Ventilation Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                        1. Oxygen Uptake Efficiency
                                                                                                                                          1. Carbon Dioxide Elimination
                                                                                                                                            1. Respiratory Adaptations
                                                                                                                                            2. Osmoregulation
                                                                                                                                              1. Freshwater Osmoregulation
                                                                                                                                                1. Saltwater Osmoregulation
                                                                                                                                                  1. Ion Regulation Strategies
                                                                                                                                                    1. Adaptations to Salinity Changes
                                                                                                                                                    2. Thermoregulation
                                                                                                                                                      1. Ectothermy and Endothermy
                                                                                                                                                        1. Behavioral Thermoregulation
                                                                                                                                                          1. Temperature Tolerance
                                                                                                                                                          2. Digestion and Metabolism
                                                                                                                                                            1. Digestive Enzymes
                                                                                                                                                              1. Energy Utilization
                                                                                                                                                                1. Metabolic Rate Factors
                                                                                                                                                                2. Growth and Energetics
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Growth Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Factors Affecting Growth
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Energy Allocation
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Sensory Perception
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Vision
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Light Sensitivity
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Color Vision
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Visual Adaptations
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Chemoreception
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Olfactory System
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Gustatory System
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Chemical Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Mechanoreception
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Hearing Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Lateral Line Function
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Pressure Detection

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                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Introduction to Ichthyology and Aquaculture

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                                                                                                                                                                                    3. Fish Ecology and Behavior