Animal Health and Disease

  1. Diagnosis of Animal Diseases
    1. Clinical Examination
      1. History Taking
        1. Gathering Medical History
          1. Environmental and Management Factors
          2. Physical Examination Techniques
            1. Inspection
              1. General Appearance
                1. Skin and Coat Condition
                2. Palpation
                  1. Lymph Nodes
                    1. Abdominal Palpation
                    2. Auscultation
                      1. Heart Sounds
                        1. Lung Sounds
                        2. Percussion
                          1. Thoracic Percussion
                            1. Abdominal Percussion
                          2. Observation of Behavior and Posture
                            1. Gait and Movement
                              1. Signs of Pain or Distress
                            2. Diagnostic Imaging
                              1. Radiography
                                1. Principles and Safety
                                  1. Interpretation of Images
                                  2. Ultrasonography
                                    1. Principles and Techniques
                                      1. Common Applications
                                      2. Computed Tomography
                                        1. Indications and Limitations
                                          1. Image Interpretation
                                          2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
                                            1. Principles and Applications
                                              1. Advantages and Limitations
                                            2. Laboratory Diagnostics
                                              1. Hematology
                                                1. Complete Blood Count
                                                  1. Parameters Measured
                                                    1. Interpretation of Results
                                                    2. Blood Smear Evaluation
                                                      1. Morphological Assessment
                                                    3. Clinical Chemistry
                                                      1. Organ Function Panels
                                                        1. Liver Function Tests
                                                          1. Kidney Function Tests
                                                          2. Electrolyte Analysis
                                                            1. Common Electrolyte Imbalances
                                                          3. Urinalysis
                                                            1. Collection Methods
                                                              1. Parameters Assessed
                                                              2. Cytology and Histopathology
                                                                1. Sample Collection and Preparation
                                                                  1. Microscopic Evaluation
                                                                  2. Microbiology
                                                                    1. Culture and Sensitivity
                                                                      1. Sample Collection
                                                                        1. Interpretation of Results
                                                                        2. Staining Techniques
                                                                          1. Gram Stain
                                                                            1. Acid-fast Stain
                                                                          2. Serology and Immunology
                                                                            1. Antibody Detection
                                                                              1. Antigen Detection
                                                                                1. ELISA
                                                                                  1. Rapid Tests
                                                                                    1. Agglutination Tests
                                                                                      1. Principles and Applications
                                                                                    2. Molecular Diagnostics
                                                                                      1. Polymerase Chain Reaction
                                                                                        1. Principles and Applications
                                                                                        2. DNA Sequencing
                                                                                          1. Use in Disease Diagnosis
                                                                                      2. Necropsy
                                                                                        1. Systematic Examination of Tissues and Organs
                                                                                          1. External Examination
                                                                                            1. Internal Examination
                                                                                            2. Sample Collection for Ancillary Testing
                                                                                              1. Tissue Sampling
                                                                                                1. Microbiological Samples
                                                                                                  1. Toxicological Samples

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                                                                                              3. Pathogenesis and Pathology

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                                                                                              5. Epidemiology of Animal Diseases