Animal Health and Disease

2.

Etiology: The Causes of Disease

2.1.

Infectious Agents

2.1.1.

2.1.1.1.

Basic Viral Structure and Replication

2.1.1.1.1.

Viral Components

2.1.1.1.1.1.

2.1.1.1.1.2.

2.1.1.1.1.3.

2.1.1.1.2.

Viral Replication Cycles

2.1.1.2.

Classification of Animal Viruses

2.1.1.2.1.

2.1.1.2.2.

2.1.1.2.3.

Enveloped Viruses

2.1.1.2.4.

Non-enveloped Viruses

2.1.1.3.

Mechanisms of Viral Pathogenesis

2.1.1.3.1.

Entry and Spread in Host

2.1.1.3.2.

Host Cell Damage

2.1.1.3.3.

Immune Evasion Strategies

2.1.2.

2.1.2.1.

Bacterial Structure and Physiology

2.1.2.1.1.

Cell Wall Types

2.1.2.1.1.1.

2.1.2.1.1.2.

2.1.2.1.2.

Bacterial Growth and Reproduction

2.1.2.2.

Classification of Pathogenic Bacteria

2.1.2.2.1.

Morphological Classification

2.1.2.2.2.

Oxygen Requirements

2.1.2.3.

Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenesis

2.1.2.3.1.

Adhesion and Colonization

2.1.2.3.2.

Invasion and Evasion of Host Defenses

2.1.2.4.

Bacterial Toxins

2.1.2.4.1.

2.1.2.4.1.1.

Structure and Effects

2.1.2.4.2.

2.1.2.4.2.1.

Types and Actions

2.1.3.

2.1.3.1.

Fungal Structure and Reproduction

2.1.3.1.1.

2.1.3.1.2.

2.1.3.1.3.

Spore Formation

2.1.3.2.

Superficial and Systemic Mycoses

2.1.3.2.1.

Cutaneous Infections

2.1.3.2.2.

Subcutaneous Infections

2.1.3.2.3.

Deep Fungal Infections

2.1.3.2.4.

Systemic Fungal Infections

2.1.3.3.

2.1.3.3.1.

Types of Mycotoxins

2.1.3.3.2.

Effects on Animal Health

2.1.4.

2.1.4.1.

2.1.4.1.1.

Classification and Life Cycles

2.1.4.1.1.1.

Direct Life Cycles

2.1.4.1.1.2.

Indirect Life Cycles

2.1.4.1.2.

Pathogenic Mechanisms

2.1.4.1.2.1.

Tissue Invasion

2.1.4.1.2.2.

Toxin Production

2.1.4.2.

2.1.4.2.1.

2.1.4.2.1.1.

2.1.4.2.1.2.

Pathogenic Effects

2.1.4.2.2.

2.1.4.2.2.1.

2.1.4.2.2.2.

Pathogenic Effects

2.1.4.2.3.

2.1.4.2.3.1.

2.1.4.2.3.2.

Pathogenic Effects

2.1.4.3.

2.1.4.3.1.

2.1.4.3.1.1.

2.1.4.3.1.2.

2.1.4.3.1.3.

2.1.4.3.1.4.

Identification and Life Cycles

2.1.4.3.1.5.

Disease Transmission

2.1.4.3.2.

Host-Parasite Interactions

2.1.4.3.2.1.

Host Specificity

2.1.4.3.2.2.

Immune Responses to Ectoparasites

2.1.5.

2.1.5.1.

Nature of Prions

2.1.5.1.1.

Structure and Properties

2.1.5.1.2.

Mechanism of Prion Propagation

2.1.5.2.

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies

2.1.5.2.1.

Major Animal TSEs

2.1.5.2.2.

Pathological Features

2.2.

Non-Infectious Causes

2.2.1.

Genetic and Hereditary Disorders

2.2.1.1.

Mendelian Inheritance Patterns

2.2.1.1.1.

Dominant Traits

2.2.1.1.2.

Recessive Traits

2.2.1.1.3.

Sex-linked Inheritance

2.2.1.2.

Chromosomal Abnormalities

2.2.1.2.1.

2.2.1.2.2.

Structural Abnormalities

2.2.1.3.

Congenital Malformations

2.2.1.3.1.

Common Malformations

2.2.1.3.2.

Causes and Risk Factors

2.2.2.

Nutritional Diseases

2.2.2.1.

2.2.2.1.1.

Vitamin Deficiencies

2.2.2.1.2.

Mineral Deficiencies

2.2.2.1.3.

Macronutrient Deficiencies

2.2.2.2.

Toxicities and Excesses

2.2.2.2.1.

Hypervitaminosis

2.2.2.2.2.

Mineral Toxicity

2.2.2.2.3.

Protein and Energy Excess

2.2.2.3.

Nutritional Imbalances

2.2.2.3.1.

Imbalanced Diets

2.2.2.3.2.

Malabsorption Syndromes

2.2.3.

Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders

2.2.3.1.

Hormonal Imbalances

2.2.3.1.1.

Hyperfunction of Glands

2.2.3.1.2.

Hypofunction of Glands

2.2.3.1.3.

Common Endocrine Disorders

2.2.3.2.

Errors in Metabolism

2.2.3.2.1.

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

2.2.3.2.2.

Acquired Metabolic Disorders

2.2.3.3.

Production-Related Diseases

2.2.3.3.1.

2.2.3.3.2.

2.2.3.3.3.

2.2.4.

2.2.4.1.

Sources of Toxins

2.2.4.1.1.

2.2.4.1.1.1.

Common Toxic Plants

2.2.4.1.1.2.

Mechanisms of Toxicity

2.2.4.1.2.

Chemical Toxins

2.2.4.1.2.1.

2.2.4.1.2.2.

2.2.4.1.2.3.

Industrial Chemicals

2.2.4.1.3.

2.2.4.1.3.1.

2.2.4.1.3.2.

Toxins from Other Animals

2.2.4.2.

Principles of Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics

2.2.4.2.1.

2.2.4.2.2.

2.2.4.2.3.

2.2.4.2.4.

2.2.4.2.5.

Mechanisms of Toxic Action

2.2.5.

Physical and Environmental Factors

2.2.5.1.

Trauma and Injury

2.2.5.1.1.

Types of Physical Injury

2.2.5.1.2.

Wound Types and Healing

2.2.5.2.

2.2.5.2.1.

2.2.5.2.2.

2.2.5.2.3.

2.2.5.2.4.

2.2.5.3.

2.2.5.3.1.

Sources of Radiation

2.2.5.3.2.

Effects on Animal Tissues

2.2.5.4.

Environmental Pollutants

2.2.5.4.1.

2.2.5.4.2.

Water Pollution

2.2.5.4.3.

Soil Contaminants

2.2.6.

2.2.6.1.

Benign vs. Malignant Tumors

2.2.6.1.1.

Characteristics of Benign Tumors

2.2.6.1.2.

Characteristics of Malignant Tumors

2.2.6.2.

Causes of Cancer

2.2.6.2.1.

Genetic Mutations

2.2.6.2.2.

Environmental Carcinogens

2.2.6.3.

Tumor Biology and Metastasis

2.2.6.3.1.

Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis

2.2.6.3.2.

Mechanisms of Metastasis

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1. Foundations of Animal Health

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3. Pathogenesis and Pathology