Allergy and Immunology

  1. Diagnostic Evaluation
    1. Clinical Assessment
      1. History Taking
        1. Allergy-focused History
          1. Symptom Patterns
            1. Trigger Identification
              1. Family History
                1. Environmental Exposures
                2. Autoimmune Disease History
                  1. Symptom Onset and Progression
                    1. Organ System Review
                      1. Family History
                        1. Drug History
                        2. Immunodeficiency History
                          1. Infection Patterns
                            1. Growth and Development
                              1. Family History
                                1. Vaccination History
                              2. Physical Examination
                                1. General Appearance
                                  1. Skin Examination
                                    1. Lymph Node Assessment
                                      1. Organ System Examination
                                        1. Growth Parameters
                                      2. In Vivo Testing
                                        1. Skin Testing
                                          1. Skin Prick Tests
                                            1. Technique and Materials
                                              1. Interpretation Criteria
                                                1. Safety Considerations
                                                  1. Limitations
                                                  2. Intradermal Tests
                                                    1. Indications
                                                      1. Technique
                                                        1. Interpretation
                                                          1. Risks
                                                          2. Patch Testing
                                                            1. Contact Allergen Testing
                                                              1. Application Technique
                                                                1. Reading Schedule
                                                                  1. Interpretation
                                                                2. Provocation Tests
                                                                  1. Oral Food Challenges
                                                                    1. Open Challenges
                                                                      1. Single-blind Challenges
                                                                        1. Double-blind Placebo-controlled Challenges
                                                                          1. Safety Protocols
                                                                          2. Drug Provocation Tests
                                                                            1. Indications
                                                                              1. Protocols
                                                                                1. Safety Measures
                                                                                2. Bronchial Provocation Tests
                                                                                  1. Methacholine Challenge
                                                                                    1. Exercise Challenge
                                                                                      1. Specific Allergen Challenge
                                                                                  2. Laboratory Testing
                                                                                    1. Allergy Testing
                                                                                      1. Total IgE
                                                                                        1. Reference Ranges
                                                                                          1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                            1. Limitations
                                                                                            2. Specific IgE Testing
                                                                                              1. ImmunoCAP Technology
                                                                                                1. Interpretation Guidelines
                                                                                                  1. Cross-reactivity Patterns
                                                                                                    1. Component-resolved Diagnostics
                                                                                                    2. Cellular Tests
                                                                                                      1. Basophil Activation Test
                                                                                                        1. Lymphocyte Transformation Test
                                                                                                        2. Mediator Measurements
                                                                                                          1. Serum Tryptase
                                                                                                            1. Histamine Levels
                                                                                                              1. Urinary Metabolites
                                                                                                            2. Autoimmune Testing
                                                                                                              1. Autoantibody Detection
                                                                                                                1. Antinuclear Antibodies
                                                                                                                  1. Organ-specific Antibodies
                                                                                                                    1. Cytoplasmic Antibodies
                                                                                                                    2. Complement Assessment
                                                                                                                      1. CH50 and AH50
                                                                                                                        1. Individual Component Levels
                                                                                                                          1. Functional Assays
                                                                                                                          2. Inflammatory Markers
                                                                                                                            1. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
                                                                                                                              1. C-reactive Protein
                                                                                                                                1. Cytokine Levels
                                                                                                                              2. Immunodeficiency Evaluation
                                                                                                                                1. Complete Blood Count
                                                                                                                                  1. Lymphocyte Counts
                                                                                                                                    1. Neutrophil Counts
                                                                                                                                      1. Morphological Assessment
                                                                                                                                      2. Immunoglobulin Quantification
                                                                                                                                        1. IgG Levels and Subclasses
                                                                                                                                          1. IgA and IgM Levels
                                                                                                                                            1. Age-appropriate Reference Ranges
                                                                                                                                            2. Lymphocyte Phenotyping
                                                                                                                                              1. T-cell Subsets
                                                                                                                                                1. B-cell Subsets
                                                                                                                                                  1. NK Cell Counts
                                                                                                                                                  2. Functional Assessments
                                                                                                                                                    1. Vaccine Response Testing
                                                                                                                                                      1. Lymphocyte Proliferation
                                                                                                                                                        1. Neutrophil Function Tests
                                                                                                                                                          1. Complement Function

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                                                                                                                                                    5. Immunodeficiency Disorders

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                                                                                                                                                    7. Therapeutic Interventions