Allergy and Immunology

  1. Autoimmune Diseases
    1. Mechanisms of Autoimmunity
      1. Loss of Self-Tolerance
        1. Central Tolerance Failure
          1. Thymic Selection Defects
            1. Bone Marrow Tolerance Loss
            2. Peripheral Tolerance Breakdown
              1. Regulatory T-cell Dysfunction
                1. Anergy Loss
                  1. Immune Privilege Breakdown
                2. Genetic Factors
                  1. HLA Associations
                    1. Class I Associations
                      1. Class II Associations
                        1. Disease-specific Patterns
                        2. Non-HLA Genetic Factors
                          1. Complement Deficiencies
                            1. Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms
                              1. Regulatory Gene Variants
                            2. Environmental Triggers
                              1. Infectious Agents
                                1. Molecular Mimicry
                                  1. Bystander Activation
                                    1. Epitope Spreading
                                    2. Chemical Exposures
                                      1. Drug-induced Autoimmunity
                                        1. Environmental Toxins
                                        2. Physical Factors
                                          1. UV Radiation
                                            1. Trauma
                                          2. Autoimmune Disease Mechanisms
                                            1. Molecular Mimicry
                                              1. Cross-reactive Epitopes
                                                1. Examples in Disease
                                                2. Epitope Spreading
                                                  1. Intramolecular Spreading
                                                    1. Intermolecular Spreading
                                                    2. Bystander Activation
                                                      1. Inflammatory Cytokines
                                                        1. Tissue Damage
                                                    3. Organ-specific Autoimmune Diseases
                                                      1. Endocrine Autoimmunity
                                                        1. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
                                                          1. Pathogenesis
                                                            1. Autoantibodies
                                                              1. Clinical Features
                                                                1. Complications
                                                                2. Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
                                                                  1. Hashimoto Thyroiditis
                                                                    1. Graves Disease
                                                                      1. Thyroid Autoantibodies
                                                                      2. Addison Disease
                                                                        1. Adrenal Autoimmunity
                                                                          1. Clinical Features
                                                                        2. Neurological Autoimmunity
                                                                          1. Multiple Sclerosis
                                                                            1. Pathogenesis
                                                                              1. Clinical Subtypes
                                                                                1. Diagnostic Criteria
                                                                                2. Myasthenia Gravis
                                                                                  1. Neuromuscular Junction
                                                                                    1. Autoantibodies
                                                                                      1. Clinical Features
                                                                                    2. Gastrointestinal Autoimmunity
                                                                                      1. Celiac Disease
                                                                                        1. Pathogenesis
                                                                                          1. HLA Associations
                                                                                            1. Clinical Features
                                                                                              1. Complications
                                                                                              2. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
                                                                                                1. Crohn Disease
                                                                                                  1. Ulcerative Colitis
                                                                                                    1. Immune Mechanisms
                                                                                                2. Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
                                                                                                  1. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
                                                                                                    1. Pathogenesis
                                                                                                      1. Nuclear Antigen Targeting
                                                                                                        1. Immune Complex Formation
                                                                                                          1. Complement Deficiency Role
                                                                                                          2. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                            1. Musculoskeletal Features
                                                                                                              1. Cutaneous Features
                                                                                                                1. Renal Involvement
                                                                                                                  1. Neurological Features
                                                                                                                    1. Cardiovascular Features
                                                                                                                    2. Laboratory Features
                                                                                                                      1. Antinuclear Antibodies
                                                                                                                        1. Anti-dsDNA Antibodies
                                                                                                                          1. Complement Levels
                                                                                                                        2. Rheumatoid Arthritis
                                                                                                                          1. Pathogenesis
                                                                                                                            1. Synovial Inflammation
                                                                                                                              1. Pannus Formation
                                                                                                                                1. Joint Destruction
                                                                                                                                2. Clinical Features
                                                                                                                                  1. Joint Involvement Patterns
                                                                                                                                    1. Extra-articular Features
                                                                                                                                      1. Disease Progression
                                                                                                                                      2. Laboratory Features
                                                                                                                                        1. Rheumatoid Factor
                                                                                                                                          1. Anti-CCP Antibodies
                                                                                                                                            1. Inflammatory Markers
                                                                                                                                          2. Systemic Sclerosis
                                                                                                                                            1. Pathogenesis
                                                                                                                                              1. Vascular Abnormalities
                                                                                                                                                1. Fibroblast Activation
                                                                                                                                                  1. Autoimmune Components
                                                                                                                                                  2. Clinical Subtypes
                                                                                                                                                    1. Limited Cutaneous Form
                                                                                                                                                      1. Diffuse Cutaneous Form
                                                                                                                                                      2. Organ Involvement
                                                                                                                                                        1. Skin Changes
                                                                                                                                                          1. Pulmonary Fibrosis
                                                                                                                                                            1. Renal Crisis
                                                                                                                                                          2. Sjögren Syndrome
                                                                                                                                                            1. Pathogenesis
                                                                                                                                                              1. Exocrine Gland Targeting
                                                                                                                                                                1. Lymphocytic Infiltration
                                                                                                                                                                2. Clinical Features
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Sicca Symptoms
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Extra-glandular Features
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Laboratory Features
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Autoantibodies
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Salivary Gland Function
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Vasculitis Syndromes
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Classification by Vessel Size
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Large Vessel Vasculitis
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Medium Vessel Vasculitis
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Small Vessel Vasculitis
                                                                                                                                                                              2. ANCA-associated Vasculitis
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Microscopic Polyangiitis
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

                                                                                                                                                                              Previous

                                                                                                                                                                              3. Clinical Allergic Disorders

                                                                                                                                                                              Go to top

                                                                                                                                                                              Next

                                                                                                                                                                              5. Immunodeficiency Disorders