Algal Ecology

  1. Major Algal Habitats
    1. Freshwater Ecosystems
      1. Lentic Systems
        1. Lakes
          1. Pelagic Zone
            1. Littoral Zone
              1. Profundal Zone
              2. Ponds
                1. Temporary Ponds
                  1. Permanent Ponds
                  2. Reservoirs
                    1. Artificial Systems
                      1. Management Effects
                    2. Lotic Systems
                      1. Rivers
                        1. Potamoplankton
                          1. Benthic Communities
                          2. Streams
                            1. Periphyton Communities
                              1. Flow Adaptations
                              2. Springs
                                1. Constant Temperature
                                  1. Unique Communities
                              3. Marine Ecosystems
                                1. Coastal Systems
                                  1. Estuaries
                                    1. Salinity Gradients
                                      1. Nutrient Dynamics
                                      2. Lagoons
                                        1. Restricted Exchange
                                          1. High Productivity
                                        2. Intertidal Zones
                                          1. Rocky Shores
                                            1. Zonation Patterns
                                              1. Desiccation Adaptations
                                              2. Sandy Shores
                                                1. Microphytobenthos
                                                  1. Sediment Stabilization
                                                2. Kelp Forests
                                                  1. Canopy Structure
                                                    1. Understory Communities
                                                      1. Biodiversity Hotspots
                                                      2. Seagrass Beds
                                                        1. Epiphytic Communities
                                                          1. Seagrass-Algae Interactions
                                                            1. Productivity Enhancement
                                                            2. Coral Reefs
                                                              1. Zooxanthellae Symbiosis
                                                                1. Algal Turf Communities
                                                                  1. Coralline Algae
                                                                  2. Open Ocean
                                                                    1. Oligotrophic Regions
                                                                      1. Eutrophic Regions
                                                                        1. Phytoplankton Blooms
                                                                          1. Deep Chlorophyll Maximum
                                                                          2. Polar Regions
                                                                            1. Sea Ice Algae
                                                                              1. Cold Adaptations
                                                                                1. Seasonal Dynamics
                                                                              2. Extreme Environments
                                                                                1. Terrestrial Habitats
                                                                                  1. Soil Algae
                                                                                    1. Soil Crust Formation
                                                                                      1. Nitrogen Fixation
                                                                                      2. Subaerial Surfaces
                                                                                        1. Tree Bark
                                                                                          1. Rock Surfaces
                                                                                            1. Building Surfaces
                                                                                          2. Extreme Temperature
                                                                                            1. Hot Springs
                                                                                              1. Thermophilic Adaptations
                                                                                                1. High Temperature Tolerance
                                                                                                2. Glacial Environments
                                                                                                  1. Cryophilic Algae
                                                                                                    1. Snow Algae
                                                                                                      1. Ice Algae
                                                                                                    2. Extreme Chemistry
                                                                                                      1. Hypersaline Environments
                                                                                                        1. Salt Lakes
                                                                                                          1. Solar Salterns
                                                                                                            1. Osmoregulation
                                                                                                            2. Acidic Environments
                                                                                                              1. Acid Mine Drainage
                                                                                                                1. Volcanic Springs
                                                                                                                2. Alkaline Environments
                                                                                                                  1. Soda Lakes
                                                                                                                    1. pH Tolerance

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                                                                                                              7. Algae in Ecosystem Functioning

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                                                                                                              9. Applied Algal Ecology and Human Impacts