Algal Ecology

  1. Biological Interactions
    1. Competition
      1. Intraspecific Competition
        1. Density-dependent Effects
          1. Self-thinning
          2. Interspecific Competition
            1. Niche Overlap
              1. Competitive Exclusion
                1. Coexistence Mechanisms
                2. Resource Competition Theory
                  1. R-star Theory
                    1. Minimum Resource Requirements
                      1. Competition Outcomes
                    2. Grazing and Herbivory
                      1. Major Grazer Groups
                        1. Zooplankton
                          1. Copepods
                            1. Cladocerans
                              1. Rotifers
                              2. Benthic Invertebrates
                                1. Gastropods
                                  1. Insect Larvae
                                    1. Crustaceans
                                    2. Fish
                                      1. Planktivorous Fish
                                        1. Herbivorous Fish
                                      2. Grazing Selectivity
                                        1. Size-selective Grazing
                                          1. Chemical Cues
                                            1. Nutritional Quality
                                            2. Algal Defense Mechanisms
                                              1. Morphological Defenses
                                                1. Size Changes
                                                  1. Spine Formation
                                                    1. Colony Formation
                                                      1. Mucilage Production
                                                      2. Chemical Defenses
                                                        1. Toxin Production
                                                          1. Deterrent Compounds
                                                            1. Secondary Metabolites
                                                        2. Symbiotic Relationships
                                                          1. Mutualism
                                                            1. Lichens
                                                              1. Coral-Zooxanthellae Symbiosis
                                                                1. Nitrogen-Fixing Associations
                                                                2. Commensalism
                                                                  1. Epiphytic Algae
                                                                    1. Epizoic Relationships
                                                                    2. Parasitism
                                                                      1. Fungal Parasites
                                                                        1. Viral Infections
                                                                          1. Parasitic Algae
                                                                        2. Allelopathy
                                                                          1. Allelochemical Production
                                                                            1. Interspecific Chemical Inhibition
                                                                              1. Ecological Consequences
                                                                                1. Mechanisms of Action
                                                                                2. Viral Interactions
                                                                                  1. Algal Viruses
                                                                                    1. Viral Lysis
                                                                                      1. Population Control
                                                                                        1. Genetic Transfer

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                                                                                      4. Environmental Factors Influencing Algae

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                                                                                      6. Population and Community Dynamics