Algal Ecology

  1. Algal Physiology and Morphology
    1. Cellular Structure
      1. Cell Walls and Coverings
        1. Cellulose Composition
          1. Silica Structures
            1. Calcium Carbonate Deposits
              1. Mucilage Sheaths
                1. Scales and Other Specialized Structures
                2. Photosynthetic Pigments
                  1. Chlorophylls
                    1. Chlorophyll a
                      1. Chlorophyll b
                        1. Chlorophyll c
                          1. Chlorophyll d
                            1. Distribution Among Groups
                            2. Carotenoids
                              1. Xanthophylls
                                1. Fucoxanthin
                                  1. Photoprotective Functions
                                  2. Phycobilins
                                    1. Phycoerythrin
                                      1. Phycocyanin
                                        1. Light-harvesting Functions
                                      2. Chloroplasts and Pyrenoids
                                        1. Structure and Function
                                          1. Number and Arrangement
                                            1. Carbon Concentrating Mechanisms
                                            2. Flagella and Motility
                                              1. Flagellar Structure
                                                1. Patterns of Movement
                                                  1. Phototactic Responses
                                                  2. Storage Products
                                                    1. Starch
                                                      1. Oil Droplets
                                                        1. Chrysolaminarin
                                                          1. Other Reserve Compounds
                                                        2. Metabolic Processes
                                                          1. Photosynthesis
                                                            1. Light-Harvesting Complexes
                                                              1. Antenna Systems
                                                                1. Energy Transfer Mechanisms
                                                                2. Carbon Fixation Pathways
                                                                  1. C3 Pathway
                                                                    1. C4-like Mechanisms
                                                                      1. CAM-like Mechanisms
                                                                        1. Carbon Concentrating Mechanisms
                                                                        2. Photoacclimation and Photoinhibition
                                                                          1. Adaptation to Light Intensity
                                                                            1. Photoprotective Mechanisms
                                                                              1. Pigment Adjustments
                                                                            2. Respiration
                                                                              1. Aerobic Respiration
                                                                                1. Anaerobic Metabolism
                                                                                  1. Dark Respiration Rates
                                                                                  2. Nutrient Uptake and Assimilation
                                                                                    1. Uptake Kinetics
                                                                                      1. Michaelis-Menten Parameters
                                                                                        1. Nutrient Storage
                                                                                          1. Luxury Consumption
                                                                                            1. Transport Mechanisms
                                                                                              1. Active Transport
                                                                                                1. Passive Transport
                                                                                                2. Assimilation Pathways
                                                                                                  1. Nitrate Reduction
                                                                                                    1. Ammonium Assimilation
                                                                                                      1. Phosphate Uptake
                                                                                                  2. Reproduction and Life Cycles
                                                                                                    1. Asexual Reproduction
                                                                                                      1. Binary Fission
                                                                                                        1. Fragmentation
                                                                                                          1. Spore Formation
                                                                                                            1. Vegetative Propagation
                                                                                                            2. Sexual Reproduction
                                                                                                              1. Gamete Types
                                                                                                                1. Isogamy
                                                                                                                  1. Anisogamy
                                                                                                                    1. Oogamy
                                                                                                                    2. Fertilization Mechanisms
                                                                                                                      1. Mating Systems
                                                                                                                      2. Alternation of Generations
                                                                                                                        1. Haploid Phases
                                                                                                                          1. Diploid Phases
                                                                                                                            1. Life Cycle Variations Among Groups

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                                                                                                                        2. Algal Diversity and Classification

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                                                                                                                        4. Environmental Factors Influencing Algae