Algal Ecology

  1. Environmental Factors Influencing Algae
    1. Light Environment
      1. Irradiance
        1. Light Intensity Effects
          1. Compensation Points
            1. Saturation Points
            2. Spectral Quality
              1. Absorption Spectra of Pigments
                1. Effects of Water Color
                  1. Turbidity Impacts
                    1. Chromatic Adaptation
                    2. Photoperiod
                      1. Seasonal Variation
                        1. Latitudinal Effects
                          1. Effects on Growth
                            1. Effects on Reproduction
                            2. Underwater Light Attenuation
                              1. Attenuation Coefficients
                                1. Dissolved Matter Effects
                                  1. Particulate Matter Effects
                                    1. Self-shading
                                  2. Temperature
                                    1. Effects on Growth Rates
                                      1. Q10 Coefficients
                                        1. Enzyme Activity
                                          1. Metabolic Rate Changes
                                          2. Thermal Stratification
                                            1. Epilimnion
                                              1. Metalimnion
                                                1. Hypolimnion
                                                  1. Mixing Dynamics
                                                  2. Temperature Tolerance
                                                    1. Eurythermal Species
                                                      1. Stenothermal Species
                                                        1. Adaptations to Extreme Temperatures
                                                      2. Water Motion and Turbulence
                                                        1. Turbulence Effects
                                                          1. Nutrient Supply Enhancement
                                                            1. Prevention of Sinking
                                                              1. Mixing Processes
                                                              2. Flow Regimes
                                                                1. Lotic Systems
                                                                  1. Lentic Systems
                                                                    1. Adaptations to Flow
                                                                    2. Boundary Layers
                                                                      1. Diffusive Boundary Layer
                                                                        1. Nutrient Uptake Implications
                                                                          1. Mass Transfer Processes
                                                                        2. Chemical Environment
                                                                          1. Major Nutrients
                                                                            1. Nitrogen
                                                                              1. Nitrate
                                                                                1. Nitrite
                                                                                  1. Ammonium
                                                                                    1. Urea
                                                                                      1. Dissolved Organic Nitrogen
                                                                                      2. Phosphorus
                                                                                        1. Phosphate
                                                                                          1. Dissolved Organic Phosphorus
                                                                                          2. Silicon
                                                                                            1. Silicate
                                                                                              1. Importance for Diatoms
                                                                                            2. Micronutrients
                                                                                              1. Iron
                                                                                                1. Iron Limitation
                                                                                                  1. Iron Sources
                                                                                                  2. Trace Metals
                                                                                                    1. Zinc
                                                                                                      1. Copper
                                                                                                        1. Manganese
                                                                                                          1. Molybdenum
                                                                                                        2. Nutrient Limitation and Stoichiometry
                                                                                                          1. Liebig's Law of the Minimum
                                                                                                            1. Redfield Ratio
                                                                                                              1. Nutrient Co-limitation
                                                                                                                1. Stoichiometric Flexibility
                                                                                                                2. Salinity
                                                                                                                  1. Osmoregulation Mechanisms
                                                                                                                    1. Halotolerance
                                                                                                                      1. Freshwater-Marine Transitions
                                                                                                                      2. pH and Carbonate System
                                                                                                                        1. Carbonate Equilibria
                                                                                                                          1. Effects on Calcifying Algae
                                                                                                                            1. pH Tolerance Ranges
                                                                                                                            2. Dissolved Gases
                                                                                                                              1. Oxygen
                                                                                                                                1. Supersaturation
                                                                                                                                  1. Hypoxia Effects
                                                                                                                                  2. Carbon Dioxide
                                                                                                                                    1. CO2 Limitation
                                                                                                                                      1. Carbonic Anhydrase

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                                                                                                                                3. Algal Physiology and Morphology

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                                                                                                                                5. Biological Interactions