Algebraic character
An algebraic character is a formal expression attached to a module in representation theory of semisimple Lie algebras that generalizes the character of a finite-dimensional representation and is anal
Lie algebroid
In mathematics, a Lie algebroid is a vector bundle together with a Lie bracket on its space of sections and a vector bundle morphism , satisfying a Leibniz rule. A Lie algebroid can thus be thought of
Gelfand–Fuks cohomology
In mathematics, Gelfand–Fuks cohomology, introduced in, is a cohomology theory for Lie algebras of smooth vector fields. It differs from the Lie algebra cohomology of Chevalley-Eilenberg in that its c
Lie algebra cohomology
In mathematics, Lie algebra cohomology is a cohomology theory for Lie algebras. It was first introduced in 1929 by Élie Cartan to study the topology of Lie groups and homogeneous spaces by relating co
Manin triple
In mathematics, a Manin triple (g, p, q) consists of a Lie algebra g with a non-degenerate invariant symmetric bilinear form, together with two isotropic subalgebras p and q such that g is the direct
Group contraction
In theoretical physics, Eugene Wigner and Erdal İnönü have discussed the possibility to obtain from a given Lie group a different (non-isomorphic) Lie group by a group contraction with respect to a co
Simple Lie algebra
In algebra, a simple Lie algebra is a Lie algebra that is non-abelian and contains no nonzero proper ideals. The classification of real simple Lie algebras is one of the major achievements of Wilhelm
Restricted root system
In mathematics, restricted root systems, sometimes called relative root systems, are the root systems associated with a symmetric space. The associated finite reflection group is called the restricted
Argument shift method
In mathematics, the argument shift method is a method for constructing functions in involution with respect to Poisson–Lie brackets, introduced by Mishchenko and Fomenko. They used it to prove that th
Index of a Lie algebra
In algebra, let g be a Lie algebra over a field K. Let further be a one-form on g. The stabilizer gξ of ξ is the Lie subalgebra of elements of g that annihilate ξ in the coadjoint representation. The
Linear Lie algebra
In algebra, a linear Lie algebra is a subalgebra of the Lie algebra consisting of endomorphisms of a vector space V. In other words, a linear Lie algebra is the image of a Lie algebra representation.
Capelli's identity
In mathematics, Capelli's identity, named after Alfredo Capelli, is an analogue of the formula det(AB) = det(A) det(B), for certain matrices with noncommuting entries, related to the representation th
Exponential map (Lie theory)
In the theory of Lie groups, the exponential map is a map from the Lie algebra of a Lie group to the group, which allows one to recapture the local group structure from the Lie algebra. The existence
Particle physics and representation theory
There is a natural connection between particle physics and representation theory, as first noted in the 1930s by Eugene Wigner. It links the properties of elementary particles to the structure of Lie
Levi decomposition
In Lie theory and representation theory, the Levi decomposition, conjectured by Wilhelm Killing and Élie Cartan and proved by Eugenio Elia Levi, states that any finite-dimensional real Lie algebra g i
Modular Lie algebra
In mathematics, a modular Lie algebra is a Lie algebra over a field of positive characteristic. The theory of modular Lie algebras is significantly different from the theory of real and complex Lie al
Radical of a Lie algebra
In the mathematical field of Lie theory, the radical of a Lie algebra is the largest solvable ideal of The radical, denoted by , fits into the exact sequence . where is semisimple. When the ground fie
Anyonic Lie algebra
In mathematics, an anyonic Lie algebra is a U(1) graded vector space over equipped with a bilinear operator and linear maps (some authors use ) and such that , satisfying following axioms:
*
*
*
*
Littelmann path model
In mathematics, the Littelmann path model is a combinatorial device due to Peter Littelmann for computing multiplicities without overcounting in the representation theory of symmetrisable Kac–Moody al
Canonical basis
In mathematics, a canonical basis is a basis of an algebraic structure that is canonical in a sense that depends on the precise context:
* In a coordinate space, and more generally in a free module,
Root system
In mathematics, a root system is a configuration of vectors in a Euclidean space satisfying certain geometrical properties. The concept is fundamental in the theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras, esp
Simplicial Lie algebra
In algebra, a simplicial Lie algebra is a simplicial object in the category of Lie algebras. In particular, it is a simplicial abelian group, and thus is subject to the Dold–Kan correspondence.
Supermathematics
Supermathematics is the branch of mathematical physics which applies the mathematics of Lie superalgebras to the behaviour of bosons and fermions. The driving force in its formation in the 1960s and 1
Lie coalgebra
In mathematics a Lie coalgebra is the dual structure to a Lie algebra. In finite dimensions, these are dual objects: the dual vector space to a Lie algebra naturally has the structure of a Lie coalgeb
Vogel plane
In mathematics, the Vogel plane is a method of parameterizing simple Lie algebras by eigenvalues α, β, γ of the Casimir operator on the symmetric square of the Lie algebra, which gives a point (α: β:
Cartan matrix
In mathematics, the term Cartan matrix has three meanings. All of these are named after the French mathematician Élie Cartan. Amusingly, the Cartan matrices in the context of Lie algebras were first i
Pre-Lie algebra
In mathematics, a pre-Lie algebra is an algebraic structure on a vector space that describes some properties of objects such as rooted trees and vector fields on affine space. The notion of pre-Lie al
Lie group–Lie algebra correspondence
In mathematics, Lie group–Lie algebra correspondence allows one to correspond a Lie group to a Lie algebra or vice versa, and study the conditions for such a relationship. Lie groups that are isomorph
Quasi-Lie algebra
In mathematics, a quasi-Lie algebra in abstract algebra is just like a Lie algebra, but with the usual axiom replaced by (anti-symmetry). In characteristic other than 2, these are equivalent (in the p
Malcev Lie algebra
In mathematics, a Malcev Lie algebra, or Mal'tsev Lie algebra, is a generalization of a rational nilpotent Lie algebra, and Malcev groups are similar. Both were introduced by , Appendix A3), based on
Supersymmetry algebras in 1 + 1 dimensions
A two dimensional Minkowski space, i.e. a flat space with one time and one spatial dimension, has a two-dimensional Poincaré group IO(1,1) as its symmetry group. The respective Lie algebra is called t
Weyl group
In mathematics, in particular the theory of Lie algebras, the Weyl group (named after Hermann Weyl) of a root system Φ is a subgroup of the isometry group of that root system. Specifically, it is the
Duflo isomorphism
In mathematics, the Duflo isomorphism is an isomorphism between the center of the universal enveloping algebra of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra and the invariants of its symmetric algebra. It was i
Lie conformal algebra
A Lie conformal algebra is in some sense a generalization of a Lie algebra in that it too is a "Lie algebra," though in a different pseudo-tensor category. Lie conformal algebras are very closely rela
Lie algebra
In mathematics, a Lie algebra (pronounced /liː/ LEE) is a vector space together with an operation called the Lie bracket, an alternating bilinear map , that satisfies the Jacobi identity. The Lie brac
Weyl's theorem on complete reducibility
In algebra, Weyl's theorem on complete reducibility is a fundamental result in the theory of Lie algebra representations (specifically in the representation theory of semisimple Lie algebras). Let be
Cartan pair
In the mathematical fields of Lie theory and algebraic topology, the notion of Cartan pair is a technical condition on the relationship between a reductive Lie algebra and a subalgebra reductive in .
Quillen's lemma
In algebra, Quillen's lemma states that an endomorphism of a simple module over the enveloping algebra of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over a field k is algebraic over k. In contrast to a version
Differential graded Lie algebra
In mathematics, in particular abstract algebra and topology, a differential graded Lie algebra (or dg Lie algebra, or dgla) is a graded vector space with added Lie algebra and chain complex structures
Vertex operator algebra
In mathematics, a vertex operator algebra (VOA) is an algebraic structure that plays an important role in two-dimensional conformal field theory and string theory. In addition to physical applications
Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov equations
In mathematical physics the Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov equations, or KZ equations, are linear differential equations satisfied by the correlation functions (on the Riemann sphere) of two-dimensional confo
Whitehead's lemma (Lie algebra)
In homological algebra, Whitehead's lemmas (named after J. H. C. Whitehead) represent a series of statements regarding representation theory of finite-dimensional, semisimple Lie algebras in character
Jordan–Chevalley decomposition
In mathematics, the Jordan–Chevalley decomposition, named after Camille Jordan and Claude Chevalley, expresses a linear operator as the sum of its commuting semisimple part and its nilpotent part. The
Nilpotent cone
In mathematics, the nilpotent cone of a finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebra is the set of elements that act nilpotently in all representations of In other words, The nilpotent cone is an irreduc
Generalized Kac–Moody algebra
In mathematics, a generalized Kac–Moody algebra is a Lie algebra that is similar to a Kac–Moody algebra, except that it is allowed to have imaginary simple roots. Generalized Kac–Moody algebras are al
Bianchi classification
In mathematics, the Bianchi classification provides a list of all real 3-dimensional Lie algebras (up to isomorphism). The classification contains 11 classes, 9 of which contain a single Lie algebra a
Witt algebra
In mathematics, the complex Witt algebra, named after Ernst Witt, is the Lie algebra of meromorphic vector fields defined on the Riemann sphere that are holomorphic except at two fixed points. It is a
Toda field theory
In mathematics and physics, specifically the study of field theory and partial differential equations, a Toda field theory, named after Morikazu Toda, is specified by a choice of Kac–Moody algebra and
Nilradical of a Lie algebra
In algebra, the nilradical of a Lie algebra is a nilpotent ideal, which is as large as possible. The nilradical of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra is its maximal nilpotent ideal, which exists because
Tate vector space
In mathematics, a Tate vector space is a vector space obtained from finite-dimensional vector spaces in a way that makes it possible to extend concepts such as dimension and determinant to an infinite
Lie–Palais theorem
In differential geometry, the Lie–Palais theorem states that an action of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra on a smooth compact manifold can be lifted to an action of a finite-dimensional Lie group. Fo
Engel subalgebra
In mathematics, an Engel subalgebra of a Lie algebra with respect to some element x is the subalgebra of elements annihilated by some power of ad x. Engel subalgebras are named after Friedrich Engel.
Whitehead product
In mathematics, the Whitehead product is a graded quasi-Lie algebra structure on the homotopy groups of a space. It was defined by J. H. C. Whitehead in. The relevant MSC code is: 55Q15, Whitehead pro
Engel group
In mathematics, an element x of a Lie group or a Lie algebra is called an n-Engel element, named after Friedrich Engel, if it satisfies the n-Engel condition that the repeated commutator [...[[x,y],y]
Quadratic Lie algebra
A quadratic Lie algebra is a Lie algebra together with a compatible symmetric bilinear form. Compatibility means that it is invariant under the adjoint representation. Examples of such are semisimple
Regular element of a Lie algebra
In mathematics, a regular element of a Lie algebra or Lie group is an element whose centralizer has dimension as small as possible.For example, in a complex semisimple Lie algebra, an element is regul
Jacobson–Morozov theorem
In mathematics, the Jacobson–Morozov theorem is the assertion that nilpotent elements in a semi-simple Lie algebra can be extended to sl2-triples. The theorem is named after , .
Chiral Lie algebra
In algebra, a chiral Lie algebra is a D-module on a curve with a certain structure of Lie algebra. It is related to an -algebra via the Riemann–Hilbert correspondence.
Kac–Moody algebra
In mathematics, a Kac–Moody algebra (named for Victor Kac and Robert Moody, who independently and simultaneously discovered them in 1968) is a Lie algebra, usually infinite-dimensional, that can be de
Lie–Kolchin theorem
In mathematics, the Lie–Kolchin theorem is a theorem in the representation theory of linear algebraic groups; Lie's theorem is the analog for linear Lie algebras. It states that if G is a connected an
Lie algebra extension
In the theory of Lie groups, Lie algebras and their representation theory, a Lie algebra extension e is an enlargement of a given Lie algebra g by another Lie algebra h. Extensions arise in several wa
Magnus expansion
In mathematics and physics, the Magnus expansion, named after Wilhelm Magnus (1907–1990), provides an exponential representation of the solution of a first-order homogeneous linear differential equati
Orthogonal symmetric Lie algebra
In mathematics, an orthogonal symmetric Lie algebra is a pair consisting of a real Lie algebra and an automorphism of of order such that the eigenspace of s corresponding to 1 (i.e., the set of fixed
Cartan subalgebra
In mathematics, a Cartan subalgebra, often abbreviated as CSA, is a nilpotent subalgebra of a Lie algebra that is self-normalising (if for all , then ). They were introduced by Élie Cartan in his doct
Lie bialgebra
In mathematics, a Lie bialgebra is the Lie-theoretic case of a bialgebra: it is a set with a Lie algebra and a Lie coalgebra structure which are compatible. It is a bialgebra where the multiplication
N = 2 superconformal algebra
In mathematical physics, the 2D N = 2 superconformal algebra is an infinite-dimensional Lie superalgebra, related to supersymmetry, that occurs in string theory and two-dimensional conformal field the
Loop algebra
In mathematics, loop algebras are certain types of Lie algebras, of particular interest in theoretical physics.
Coset construction
In mathematics, the coset construction (or GKO construction) is a method of constructing unitary highest weight representations of the Virasoro algebra, introduced by Peter Goddard, Adrian Kent and Da
Lie superalgebra
In mathematics, a Lie superalgebra is a generalisation of a Lie algebra to include a Z2‑grading. Lie superalgebras are important in theoretical physics where they are used to describe the mathematics
Beilinson–Bernstein localization
In mathematics, especially in representation theory and algebraic geometry, the Beilinson–Bernstein localization theorem relates D-modules on flag varieties G/B to representations of the Lie algebra a
Super-Poincaré algebra
In theoretical physics, a super-Poincaré algebra is an extension of the Poincaré algebra to incorporate supersymmetry, a relation between bosons and fermions. They are examples of supersymmetry algebr
Affine root system
In mathematics, an affine root system is a root system of affine-linear functions on a Euclidean space. They are used in the classification of affine Lie algebras and superalgebras, and semisimple p-a
Kantor–Koecher–Tits construction
In algebra, the Kantor–Koecher–Tits construction is a method of constructing a Lie algebra from a Jordan algebra, introduced by Jacques Tits, Kantor, and Koecher. If J is a Jordan algebra, the Kantor–
Solvmanifold
In mathematics, a solvmanifold is a homogeneous space of a connected solvable Lie group. It may also be characterized as a quotient of a connected solvable Lie group by a closed subgroup. (Some author
Hypoalgebra
In algebra, a hypoalgebra is a generalization of a subalgebra of a Lie algebra introduced by . The relation between an algebra and a hypoalgebra is called a subjoining, which generalizes the notion of
Crystal base
A crystal base for a representation of a quantum group on a -vector spaceis not a base of that vector space but rather a -base of where is a -lattice in that vector spaces. Crystal bases appeared in t
Exceptional Lie algebra
In mathematics, an exceptional Lie algebra is a complex simple Lie algebra whose Dynkin diagram is of exceptional (nonclassical) type. There are exactly five of them: ; their respective dimensions are
Glossary of Lie groups and Lie algebras
This is a glossary for the terminology applied in the mathematical theories of Lie groups and Lie algebras. For the topics in the representation theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras, see Glossary of
R-algebroid
In mathematics, R-algebroids are constructed starting from groupoids. These are more abstract concepts than the Lie algebroids that play a similar role in the theory of Lie groupoids to that of Lie al
Restricted Lie algebra
In mathematics, a restricted Lie algebra is a Lie algebra together with an additional "p operation."
Satake diagram
In the mathematical study of Lie algebras and Lie groups, a Satake diagram is a generalization of a Dynkin diagram introduced by Satake whose configurations classify simple Lie algebras over the field
Weight (representation theory)
In the mathematical field of representation theory, a weight of an algebra A over a field F is an algebra homomorphism from A to F, or equivalently, a one-dimensional representation of A over F. It is
Cartan's criterion
In mathematics, Cartan's criterion gives conditions for a Lie algebra in characteristic 0 to be solvable, which implies a related criterion for the Lie algebra to be semisimple. It is based on the not
Simple Lie group
In mathematics, a simple Lie group is a connected non-abelian Lie group G which does not have nontrivial connected normal subgroups. The list of simple Lie groups can be used to read off the list of s
Cartan decomposition
In mathematics, the Cartan decomposition is a decomposition of a semisimple Lie group or Lie algebra, which plays an important role in their structure theory and representation theory. It generalizes
Sl2-triple
In the theory of Lie algebras, an sl2-triple is a triple of elements of a Lie algebra that satisfy the commutation relations between the standard generators of the special linear Lie algebra sl2. This
Lie-* algebra
In mathematics, a Lie-* algebra is a D-module with a Lie* bracket. They were introduced by Alexander Beilinson and Vladimir Drinfeld ), and are similar to the conformal algebras discussed by and to ve
Current algebra
Certain commutation relations among the current density operators in quantum field theories define an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra called a current algebra. Mathematically these are Lie algebras c
Generalised Whitehead product
The Whitehead product is a mathematical construction introduced in . It has been a useful tool in determining the properties of spaces. The mathematical notion of space includes every shape that exist
Invariant convex cone
In mathematics, an invariant convex cone is a closed convex cone in a Lie algebra of a connected Lie group that is invariant under inner automorphisms. The study of such cones was initiated by Ernest
Jantzen filtration
In representation theory, a Jantzen filtration is a filtration of a Verma module of a semisimple Lie algebra, or a Weyl module of a reductive algebraic group of positive characteristic. Jantzen filtra
Table of Lie groups
This article gives a table of some common Lie groups and their associated Lie algebras. The following are noted: the topological properties of the group (dimension; connectedness; compactness; the nat
Springer resolution
In mathematics, the Springer resolution is a resolution of the variety of nilpotent elements in a semisimple Lie algebra, or the unipotent elements of a reductive algebraic group, introduced by Tonny
Monster Lie algebra
In mathematics, the monster Lie algebra is an infinite-dimensional generalized Kac–Moody algebra acted on by the monster group, which was used to prove the monstrous moonshine conjectures.
Supersymmetry algebra
In theoretical physics, a supersymmetry algebra (or SUSY algebra) is a mathematical formalism for describing the relation between bosons and fermions. The supersymmetry algebra contains not only the P
Ringel–Hall algebra
In mathematics, a Ringel–Hall algebra is a generalization of the Hall algebra, studied by Claus Michael Ringel. It has a basis of equivalence classes of objects of an abelian category, and the structu
Adjoint bundle
In mathematics, an adjoint bundle is a vector bundle naturally associated to any principal bundle. The fibers of the adjoint bundle carry a Lie algebra structure making the adjoint bundle into a (nona
Chevalley basis
In mathematics, a Chevalley basis for a simple complex Lie algebra is a basis constructed by Claude Chevalley with the property that all structure constants are integers. Chevalley used these bases to
Ado's theorem
In abstract algebra, Ado's theorem is a theorem characterizing finite-dimensional Lie algebras.
Dixmier mapping
In mathematics, the Dixmier mapping describes the space Prim(U(g)) of primitive ideals of the universal enveloping algebra U(g) of a finite-dimensional solvable Lie algebra g over an algebraically clo
Parabolic Lie algebra
In algebra, a parabolic Lie algebra is a subalgebra of a semisimple Lie algebra satisfying one of the following two conditions:
* contains a maximal solvable subalgebra (a Borel subalgebra) of ;
* t
Graded Lie algebra
In mathematics, a graded Lie algebra is a Lie algebra endowed with a gradation which is compatible with the Lie bracket. In other words, a graded Lie algebra is a Lie algebra which is also a nonassoci
Jacobi identity
In mathematics, the Jacobi identity is a property of a binary operation that describes how the order of evaluation, the placement of parentheses in a multiple product, affects the result of the operat
Centralizer and normalizer
In mathematics, especially group theory, the centralizer (also called commutant) of a subset S in a group G is the set of elements of G such that each member commutes with each element of S, or equiva
Homotopy Lie algebra
In mathematics, in particular abstract algebra and topology, a homotopy Lie algebra (or -algebra) is a generalisation of the concept of a differential graded Lie algebra. To be a little more specific,
(B, N) pair
In mathematics, a (B, N) pair is a structure on groups of Lie type that allows one to give uniform proofs of many results, instead of giving a large number of case-by-case proofs. Roughly speaking, it
Lie's third theorem
In the mathematics of Lie theory, Lie's third theorem states that every finite-dimensional Lie algebra over the real numbers is associated to a Lie group . The theorem is part of the Lie group–Lie alg
Symmetric cone
In mathematics, symmetric cones, sometimes called domains of positivity, are open convex self-dual cones in Euclidean space which have a transitive group of symmetries, i.e. invertible operators that
Chevalley restriction theorem
In the mathematical theory of Lie groups, the Chevalley restriction theorem describes functions on a Lie algebra which are invariant under the action of a Lie group in terms of functions on a Cartan s
Dynkin diagram
In the mathematical field of Lie theory, a Dynkin diagram, named for Eugene Dynkin, is a type of graph with some edges doubled or tripled (drawn as a double or triple line). Dynkin diagrams arise in t
Gell-Mann matrices
The Gell-Mann matrices, developed by Murray Gell-Mann, are a set of eight linearly independent 3×3 traceless Hermitian matrices used in the study of the strong interaction in particle physics.They spa
Theorem of the highest weight
In representation theory, a branch of mathematics, the theorem of the highest weight classifies the irreducible representations of a complex semisimple Lie algebra . There is a closely related theorem
Weil algebra
In mathematics, the Weil algebra of a Lie algebra g, introduced by Cartan based on unpublished work of André Weil, is a differential graded algebra given by the Koszul algebra Λ(g*)⊗S(g*) of its dual
Lie algebra-valued differential form
In differential geometry, a Lie-algebra-valued form is a differential form with values in a Lie algebra. Such forms have important applications in the theory of connections on a principal bundle as we
Representation theory of semisimple Lie algebras
In mathematics, the representation theory of semisimple Lie algebras is one of the crowning achievements of the theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras. The theory was worked out mainly by E. Cartan and
Automorphism of a Lie algebra
In abstract algebra, an automorphism of a Lie algebra is an isomorphism between and itself; i.e., a linear automorphism that preserves the bracket. The totality of them forms the automorphism group of
Macdonald identities
In mathematics, the Macdonald identities are some infinite product identities associated to affine root systems, introduced by Ian Macdonald. They include as special cases the Jacobi triple product id
Borel subalgebra
In mathematics, specifically in representation theory, a Borel subalgebra of a Lie algebra is a maximal solvable subalgebra. The notion is named after Armand Borel. If the Lie algebra is the Lie algeb
Principal subalgebra
In mathematics, a principal subalgebra of a complex simple Lie algebra is a 3-dimensional simple subalgebra whose non-zero elements are regular. A finite-dimensional complex simple Lie algebra has a u
Affine Lie algebra
In mathematics, an affine Lie algebra is an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra that is constructed in a canonical fashion out of a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra. Given an affine Lie algebra, one
Borel–de Siebenthal theory
In mathematics, Borel–de Siebenthal theory describes the closed connected subgroups of a compact Lie group that have maximal rank, i.e. contain a maximal torus. It is named after the Swiss mathematici
Leibniz algebra
In mathematics, a (right) Leibniz algebra, named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, sometimes called a Loday algebra, after Jean-Louis Loday, is a module L over a commutative ring R with a bilinear prod
Atiyah algebroid
In mathematics, the Atiyah algebroid, or Atiyah sequence, of a principal -bundle over a manifold , where is a Lie group, is the Lie algebroid of the gauge groupoid of . Explicitly, it is given by the
Superconformal algebra
In theoretical physics, the superconformal algebra is a graded Lie algebra or superalgebra that combines the conformal algebra and supersymmetry. In two dimensions, the superconformal algebra is infin
Group of Lie type
In mathematics, specifically in group theory, the phrase group of Lie type usually refers to finite groups that are closely related to the group of rational points of a reductive linear algebraic grou
Zinbiel algebra
In mathematics, a Zinbiel algebra or dual Leibniz algebra is a module over a commutative ring with a bilinear product satisfying the defining identity: Zinbiel algebras were introduced by Jean-Louis L
Malcev algebra
In mathematics, a Malcev algebra (or Maltsev algebra or Moufang–Lie algebra) over a field is a nonassociative algebra that is antisymmetric, so that and satisfies the Malcev identity They were first d
Takiff algebra
In mathematics, a Takiff algebra is a Lie algebra over a truncated polynomial ring. More precisely, a Takiff algebra of a Lie algebra g over a field k is a Lie algebra of the form g[x]/(xn+1) = g⊗kk[x
Bivector (complex)
In mathematics, a bivector is the vector part of a biquaternion. For biquaternion q = w + xi + yj + zk, w is called the biscalar and xi + yj + zk is its bivector part. The coordinates w, x, y, z are c
Moufang polygon
In mathematics, Moufang polygons are a generalization by Jacques Tits of the Moufang planes studied by Ruth Moufang, and are irreducible buildings of rank two that admit the action of .In a book on th
Group analysis of differential equations
Group analysis of differential equations is a branch of mathematics that studies the symmetry properties of differential equations with respect to various transformations of independent and dependent
Quasi-Frobenius Lie algebra
In mathematics, a quasi-Frobenius Lie algebra over a field is a Lie algebra equipped with a nondegenerate skew-symmetric bilinear form , which is a Lie algebra 2- of with values in . In other words, f
Super Virasoro algebra
In mathematical physics, a super Virasoro algebra is an extension of the Virasoro algebra (named after Miguel Ángel Virasoro) to a Lie superalgebra. There are two extensions with particular importance
Nilpotent orbit
In mathematics, nilpotent orbits are generalizations of nilpotent matrices that play an important rolein representation theory of real and complex semisimple Lie groups and semisimple Lie algebras.
Structure constants
In mathematics, the structure constants or structure coefficients of an algebra over a field are used to explicitly specify the product of two basis vectors in the algebra as a linear combination. Giv
Virasoro algebra
In mathematics, the Virasoro algebra (named after the physicist Miguel Ángel Virasoro) is a complex Lie algebra and the unique central extension of the Witt algebra. It is widely used in two-dimension
Ring of modular forms
In mathematics, the ring of modular forms associated to a subgroup Γ of the special linear group SL(2, Z) is the graded ring generated by the modular forms of Γ. The study of rings of modular forms de
Vogan diagram
In mathematics, a Vogan diagram, named after David Vogan, is a variation of the Dynkin diagram of a real semisimple Lie algebra that indicates the maximal compact subgroup. Although they resemble Sata
Clebsch–Gordan coefficients for SU(3)
In mathematical physics, Clebsch–Gordan coefficients are the expansion coefficients of total angular momentum eigenstates in an uncoupled tensor product basis. Mathematically, they specify the decompo
Nijenhuis–Richardson bracket
In mathematics, the algebraic bracket or Nijenhuis–Richardson bracket is a graded Lie algebra structure on the space of alternating multilinear forms of a vector space to itself, introduced by A. Nije
Real form (Lie theory)
In mathematics, the notion of a real form relates objects defined over the field of real and complex numbers. A real Lie algebra g0 is called a real form of a complex Lie algebra g if g is the complex
Complexification (Lie group)
In mathematics, the complexification or universal complexification of a real Lie group is given by a continuous homomorphism of the group into a complex Lie group with the universal property that ever
Casimir element
In mathematics, a Casimir element (also known as a Casimir invariant or Casimir operator) is a distinguished element of the center of the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra. A prototypical
Special linear Lie algebra
In mathematics, the special linear Lie algebra of order n (denoted or ) is the Lie algebra of matrices with trace zero and with the Lie bracket . This algebra is well studied and understood, and is of
Valya algebra
In abstract algebra, a Valya algebra (or Valentina algebra) is a nonassociative algebra M over a field F whose multiplicative binary operation g satisfies the following axioms: 1. The skew-symmetry co
Kostant's convexity theorem
In mathematics, Kostant's convexity theorem, introduced by Bertram Kostant, states that the projection of every coadjoint orbit of a connected compact Lie group into the dual of a Cartan subalgebra is
Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt theorem
In mathematics, more specifically in the theory of Lie algebras, the Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt theorem (or PBW theorem) is a result giving an explicit description of the universal enveloping algebra of a
Engel identity
The Engel identity, named after Friedrich Engel, is a mathematical equation that is satisfied by all elements of a Lie ring, in the case of an Engel Lie ring, or by all the elements of a group, in the
Killing form
In mathematics, the Killing form, named after Wilhelm Killing, is a symmetric bilinear form that plays a basic role in the theories of Lie groups and Lie algebras. Cartan's criteria (criterion of solv
Serre's theorem on a semisimple Lie algebra
In abstract algebra, specifically the theory of Lie algebras, Serre's theorem states: given a (finite reduced) root system , there exists a finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebra whose root system