Causal inference | Design of experiments

Randomized controlled trial

A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; RCT) is a form of scientific experiment used to control factors not under direct experimental control. Examples of RCTs are clinical trials that compare the effects of drugs, surgical techniques, medical devices, diagnostic procedures or other medical treatments. Participants who enroll in RCTs differ from one another in known and unknown ways that can influence study outcomes, and yet cannot be directly controlled. By randomly allocating participants among compared treatments, an RCT enables statistical control over these influences. Provided it is designed well, conducted properly, and enrolls enough participants, an RCT may achieve sufficient control over these confounding factors to deliver a useful comparison of the treatments studied. (Wikipedia).

Randomized controlled trial
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Related pages

Logistic regression | Royal Commission on Animal Magnetism | Survival analysis | Kaplan–Meier estimator | Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials | Censoring (statistics) | Observer-expectancy effect | Mean | Randomized controlled trial | Crossover study | Blinded experiment | Null hypothesis | Return on investment | Subgroup analysis | Observational study | Restricted randomization | Stratified randomization | Random assignment | Bias of an estimator | Confounding | Selection bias | Statistical inference | Imputation (statistics) | Systematic review | Robust statistics | Jerzy Neyman | Jadad scale | Minimisation (clinical trials) | Statistical hypothesis testing | Factorial experiment | Zelen's design | Analysis of covariance | Type I and type II errors | Meta-analysis | Publication bias | Charles Sanders Peirce | Clinical trial | Internal validity | Randomized experiment | Open-label trial | Statistical significance