A quark (/kwɔːrk, kwɑːrk/) is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. All commonly observable matter is composed of up quarks, down quarks and electrons. Owing to a phenomenon known as color confinement, quarks are never found in isolation; they can be found only within hadrons, which include baryons (such as protons and neutrons) and mesons, or in quark–gluon plasmas. For this reason, much of what is known about quarks has been drawn from observations of hadrons. Quarks have various intrinsic properties, including electric charge, mass, color charge, and spin. They are the only elementary particles in the Standard Model of particle physics to experience all four fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces (electromagnetism, gravitation, strong interaction, and weak interaction), as well as the only known particles whose electric charges are not integer multiples of the elementary charge. There are six types, known as flavors, of quarks: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. Up and down quarks have the lowest masses of all quarks. The heavier quarks rapidly change into up and down quarks through a process of particle decay: the transformation from a higher mass state to a lower mass state. Because of this, up and down quarks are generally stable and the most common in the universe, whereas strange, charm, bottom, and top quarks can only be produced in high energy collisions (such as those involving cosmic rays and in particle accelerators). For every quark flavor there is a corresponding type of antiparticle, known as an antiquark, that differs from the quark only in that some of its properties (such as the electric charge) have equal magnitude but opposite sign. The quark model was independently proposed by physicists Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig in 1964. Quarks were introduced as parts of an ordering scheme for hadrons, and there was little evidence for their physical existence until deep inelastic scattering experiments at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in 1968. Accelerator program experiments have provided evidence for all six flavors. The top quark, first observed at Fermilab in 1995, was the last to be discovered. (Wikipedia).
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From playlist Science Unplugged: Particle Physics
Particle Physics (13 of 41) Elementary Particles: What Is A Quark? (Part 1)
Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! In this video I will give a detail description of quarks. Next video in the Particle Physics series can be seen at: https://youtu.be/De0U8fUBI7o
From playlist PHYSICS 65 PARTICLE PHYSICS
Particle Physics (14 of 41) Elementary Particles: What Is A Quark? (Part 2)
Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! In this video I will describe the physical aspects of a quark. Next video in the Particle Physics series can be seen at: https://youtu.be/Tokfrq-aJVk
From playlist PHYSICS 65 PARTICLE PHYSICS
Quarks are fundamental subatomic particles found in the center of atoms. They interact strongly with one another and are the building blocks of protons and neutrons. Two of them were discovered at Fermilab. In episode 2 of Subatomic Stories, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln tells us about the
From playlist Subatomic Stories
This is a video I have been wanting to make for some time, in which I discuss what the quaternions are, as mathematical objects, and how we do calculations with them. In particular, we will see how the fundamental equation of the quaternions i^2=j^2=k^2=ijk=-1 easily generates the rule for
From playlist Quaternions
In this short video explainer, Universe Today publisher Fraser Cain investigates the most powerful objects in the Universe: quasars. In just the last few decades, our understanding of quasars has developed in leaps and bounds. We now know what they are. And so will you. http://www.unive
From playlist Guide to Space
Do Quark Stars and Planets Exist...and Did We Find One?
You can buy Universe Sandbox 2 game here: http://amzn.to/2yJqwU6 Hello and welcome to What Da Math! In this video, we will talk about the reality of quark stars and what they represent. Support this channel on Patreon to help me make this a full time job: https://www.patreon.com/whatdama
From playlist Space Engine
Quarks, Gluon flux tubes, Strong Nuclear Force, & Quantum Chromodynamics
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and the Strong Nuclear Force. Quarks and Gluons explained.
From playlist Physics
What are Quark Stars? Searching for these Exotic Objects
Astronomers have theorized there could be an intermediate stage between neutron stars and black holes called quark stars. Are they out there? Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Follow us o
From playlist Supernovae
Elementary Particles - A Level Physics
Continuing the A Level Physics revision series looking at elementary particles and the Standard Model, including quarks, leptons and gauge bosons
From playlist A Level Physics Revision
Lecture 2 | New Revolutions in Particle Physics: Standard Model
(January 18, 2010) Professor Leonard Susskind discusses quantum chromodynamics, the theory of quarks, gluons, and hadrons. This course is a continuation of the Fall quarter on particle physics. The material will focus on the Standard Model of particle physics, especially quantum chromodyn
From playlist Lecture Collection | Particle Physics: Standard Model
Quarks Explained in Four Minutes - Physics Girl
Protons and neutrons are made of three quarks, right? Wrong! Explore the particle they should have told you about when you were a kid! Instagram: http://instagram.com/thephysicsgirl Facebook: http://www.physicsgirl.org/facebook Twitter: http://www.physicsgirl.org/twitter Updates: http://p
From playlist What would Dianna recommend
Lecture 1 | New Revolutions in Particle Physics: Standard Model
(January 11, 2010) Leonard Susskind, discusses the origin of covalent bonds, Coulomb's Law, and the names and properties of particles. This course is a continuation of the Fall quarter on particle physics. The material will focus on the Standard Model of particle physics, especially quant
From playlist Lecture Collection | Particle Physics: Standard Model
Lecture 4 | New Revolutions in Particle Physics: Standard Model
(February 1, 2010) Professor Leonard Susskind continues his discussion of group theory. This course is a continuation of the Fall quarter on particle physics. The material will focus on the Standard Model of particle physics, especially quantum chromodynamics (the theory of quarks) and th
From playlist Lecture Collection | Particle Physics: Standard Model
Colorful Quantum Mechanics (Standard Model Part 5)
Introducing quarks is great, but it seems to introduce more questions than it answers. In this video, we will take a look at how to resolve some of the seeming problems that arise in the quark model by introducing color charges, gluons and the quantum chromodynamics! 0:00 Questions from Q
From playlist Standard Model
Richard Feynman's Story of Particle Physics - 1973 Lecture
Please Help Support This Channel:https://www.paypal.com/donate/?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=BLJ283JMTMT7S A 40 minute audio recording, restored with visual aids and diagrams, given by the legendary physicist and educator Richard Feynman on the history and development of the search for t
From playlist Feynman's Lectures
3 Subatomic Stories: Charged leptons
The most familiar subatomic particle is the electron, which is a member of a class of particles called the charged lepton. In addition, there are two cousin particles, the muon and the tau lepton. In this video, episode 3 of the Subatomic Stories series, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln takes us
From playlist Subatomic Stories
Astronomy - Ch. 27: Quasars (1 of 14) What Are Quasars?
Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! To donate: http://www.ilectureonline.com/donate https://www.patreon.com/user?u=3236071 We will learn what is a quasar. A quasar (QUASi StellaR) is a very luminous object, initially discovered by the emission of powerful
From playlist ASTRONOMY 27 QUASARS
Lecture 5 | New Revolutions in Particle Physics: Standard Model
(February 8, 2010) Professor Leonard Susskind discusses gauge theories. This course is a continuation of the Fall quarter on particle physics. The material will focus on the Standard Model of particle physics, especially quantum chromodynamics (the theory of quarks) and the electroweak th
From playlist Lecture Collection | Particle Physics: Standard Model