An open formula is a formula that contains at least one free variable. An open formula does not have a truth value assigned to it, in contrast with a closed formula which constitutes a proposition and thus can have a truth value like true or false. An open formula can be transformed into a closed formula by applying quantifiers or specifying of the domain of discourse of individuals for each free variable denoted x, y, z....or x1, x2, x3.... This transformation is called capture of the free variables to make them bound variables, bound to a domain of individual constants. For example, when reasoning about natural numbers, the formula "x+2 > y" is open, since it contains the free variables x and y. In contrast, the formula "∃y ∀x: x+2 > y" is closed, and has truth value true. An example of closed formula with truth value false involves the sequence of Fermat numbers studied by Fermat in connection to the primality. The attachment of the predicate letter P (is prime) to each number from the Fermat sequence gives a set of false closed formulae when the rank n of the Fermat number is greater than 4. Thus the closed formula ∀n P(Fn) is false. (Wikipedia).
Closed Intervals, Open Intervals, Half Open, Half Closed
00:00 Intro to intervals 00:09 What is a closed interval? 02:03 What is an open interval? 02:49 Half closed / Half open interval 05:58 Writing in interval notation
From playlist Calculus
From playlist 1. Solving One-Variable Equations and Inequalities
Determine a Closed Formula for a Given Sequence (2)
This video explains how to use the closed formulas of common sequences to determine closed formulas for related sequences. mathispower4u.com
From playlist Sequences (Discrete Math)
Determine a Closed Formula for a Given Sequence (1)
This video explains how to use the closed formulas of common sequences to determine closed formulas for related sequences. mathispower4u.com
From playlist Sequences (Discrete Math)
Find the Closed Formula for a Sequence Given a Generating Function
This video explains how to determine the closed formula for a sequence given the generating function of the sequence. mathispower4u.com
From playlist Additional Topics: Generating Functions and Intro to Number Theory (Discrete Math)
Find a Closed Formula for a Sequence of Differences Given a_n
This video explains how to determine a closed formula for a sequence of differences given the closed formula for a sequence. mathispower4u.com
From playlist Sequences (Discrete Math)
All About Closed Sets and Closures of Sets (and Clopen Sets) | Real Analysis
We introduced closed sets and clopen sets. We'll visit two definitions of closed sets. First, a set is closed if it is the complement of some open set, and second, a set is closed if it contains all of its limit points. We see examples of sets both closed and open (called "clopen sets") an
From playlist Real Analysis
Intro to Open Sets (with Examples) | Real Analysis
We introduce open sets in the context of the real numbers, along with examples and nonexamples of open sets. This is an important topic in the topology of the reals. We say a subset U of the reals is open if, for any x in U, there exists a delta-neighborhood of x that is contained in U. We
From playlist Real Analysis
The intersection of two open sets is open -- Proofs
This lecture is on Introduction to Higher Mathematics (Proofs). For more see http://calculus123.com.
From playlist Proofs
Business Analytics with Excel | Data Science Tutorial | Simplilearn
🔥Business Analyst Program (Discount Coupon: YTBE15) : https://www.simplilearn.com/business-analyst-certification-training-course?utm_campaign=BusinessAnalysis-W3vrMSah3rc&utm_medium=DescriptionFirstFold&utm_source=youtube 🔥 Professional Certificate Program In Business Analysis: https://www
From playlist Business Analyst Training Videos
Performing Calculations on Data (Chapter 3)
Visit http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780735626942 to download practice files for this video presentation by Curtis D. Frye, and to buy "Microsoft® Excel® 2010 Step by Step" by Curtis D. Frye. Learn how to perform calculations on data: 1.) Naming Groups of Data 2.) Creating Formulas t
From playlist Microsoft® Excel® 2010 Step by Step Videos
Excel Tutorial - Use FORMULAS across worksheets
Use formulas to calculate values across worksheets and workbook in Microsoft Excel and increase your productivity. Explore the full course and discover more powerful Excel tools: https://www.linkedin.com/learning/excel-tips-weekly?trk=sme-youtube_exceltipsweekly-using-formulas-to-calculat
From playlist Microsoft Excel
19 Advanced Excel Shortcuts (do you know them all?)
Sign up for our Excel webinar, times added weekly: https://www.excelcampus.com/blueprint-registration/ In this post I share 19 keyboard shortcuts for advanced Excel users. These techniques will help you save time and work sharp! You will learn how to: 1. Hide or filter out pivot items
From playlist Tips & Shortcuts
Excel Hash 2021 - Problem-Solving with LAMBDA, EVEN functions, Dynamic Array Formula & Cutout Person
Intro (0:00) Part 1: Available Data and Objectives (1:15) Part 2: Solution (2:31) Part 3: Problem-solving process (5:00) Outro (21:58) Check out the videos from other creators https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLHrPHBbDHgT1OUshE6AFf5AJqJdhKhJh_ Download practice files https://xlncad-
From playlist Excel Hash 2021
SCOPE and FREE and BOUND Variables in Predicate Logic - Logic
In this video on Logic, we learn how to identify scope as well as determine whether variables are free or bound. We also talk about whether a formula is open or closed. 0:00 - [Intro] 0:56 - [Scope] 4:22 - [Free and Bound Variables] 8:14 - [Open and Closed Formulas] 11:37 - [Exercise] #S
From playlist Logic in Philosophy and Mathematics
Excel Dynamic Arrays: Backward Compatibility? Forward Compatibility? What Happens? EMT 1519
Download Excel File: https://people.highline.edu/mgirvin/YouTubeExcelIsFun/EMT1518-1523.xlsx In this video learn about how Array Formulas create in the New Office 365 with the Excel Calculation engine will respond when we open the file in an Older Version. We also see what happens when we
From playlist Excel Array Formulas Beg - Advanced
Excel Array Formula Series #6: Statistics Bayes' Theorem
Download Excel Files: Start and Finished File: https://people.highline.edu/mgirvin/YouTubeExcelIsFun/ExcelArrayFormulaSeries1-14.xls Finished File: https://people.highline.edu/mgirvin/YouTubeExcelIsFun/ExcelArrayFormulaSeries1-14Finished.xls Full Page With All File Links: http://people.
From playlist Excel Math Tricks
Vlookup to Other Workbooks - Managing & Sharing Files with Formula Links
Sign up for our Excel webinar, times added weekly: https://www.excelcampus.com/blueprint-registration/ In this video, you will learn how to create Vlookup formulas to other workbooks, how to manage and update formula links when the files are moved, and how to share the files that contain f
From playlist Excel Formulas
More resources available at www.misterwootube.com
From playlist Basic Equations
mod-15 lec-15 Proportional Solenoid Pilot Operated Two Stage Pressure Relief Valve
Fundamentals of Industrial Oil Hydraulics and Pneumatics by Prof. R.N. Maiti,Department of Mechanical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
From playlist IIT Kharagpur: Fundamentals of Industrial Oil Hydraulics and Pneumatics (CosmoLearning Mechanical Engineering)