Volcanology

  1. Plate Tectonics and Volcanism
    1. Fundamentals of Plate Tectonics
      1. Structure of the Earth
        1. Crust
          1. Continental Crust
            1. Oceanic Crust
            2. Mantle
              1. Upper Mantle
                1. Lower Mantle
                  1. Transition Zone
                  2. Core
                    1. Outer Core
                      1. Inner Core
                    2. Earth's Lithosphere and Asthenosphere
                      1. Properties and Behavior
                        1. Rheological Differences
                          1. Thermal Structure
                          2. Plate Boundaries
                            1. Divergent Boundaries
                              1. Constructive Margins
                                1. Spreading Rates
                                2. Convergent Boundaries
                                  1. Destructive Margins
                                    1. Subduction Zones
                                      1. Collision Zones
                                      2. Transform Boundaries
                                        1. Conservative Margins
                                          1. Strike-Slip Motion
                                      3. Volcanism at Divergent Boundaries
                                        1. Mid-Ocean Ridges
                                          1. Formation of New Oceanic Crust
                                            1. Hydrothermal Vents
                                              1. Black Smokers and White Smokers
                                                1. Ridge Morphology
                                                2. Continental Rifting
                                                  1. East African Rift
                                                    1. Main Ethiopian Rift
                                                      1. Kenya Rift
                                                        1. Western Rift
                                                        2. Volcanic Features of Rifts
                                                          1. Rift Valley Volcanoes
                                                            1. Bimodal Volcanism
                                                        3. Volcanism at Convergent Boundaries
                                                          1. Subduction Zones
                                                            1. Subduction Processes
                                                              1. Slab Dehydration
                                                                1. Metamorphic Reactions
                                                                2. Melting Mechanisms
                                                                  1. Flux Melting
                                                                    1. Decompression Melting
                                                                  2. Oceanic-Continental Convergence
                                                                    1. Continental Volcanic Arcs
                                                                      1. Andes Mountains
                                                                        1. Cascade Range
                                                                          1. Aleutian Arc
                                                                        2. Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence
                                                                          1. Island Arcs
                                                                            1. Mariana Arc
                                                                              1. Tonga-Kermadec Arc
                                                                                1. Lesser Antilles
                                                                              2. Volcanic Arcs
                                                                                1. Characteristics and Examples
                                                                                  1. Arc Migration
                                                                                    1. Back-Arc Volcanism
                                                                                  2. Intraplate Volcanism
                                                                                    1. Mantle Plumes and Hotspots
                                                                                      1. Plume Theory
                                                                                        1. Deep Mantle Origins
                                                                                          1. Thermal Plumes
                                                                                          2. Hotspot Volcanism
                                                                                            1. Fixed Hotspot Model
                                                                                              1. Plume Head and Tail
                                                                                            2. Formation of Volcanic Chains
                                                                                              1. Hawaiian-Emperor Seamount Chain
                                                                                                1. Age Progression
                                                                                                  1. Plate Motion Evidence
                                                                                                  2. Age Progression of Islands
                                                                                                    1. Hotspot Tracks and Plate Reconstruction

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                                                                                                1. Introduction to Volcanology

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                                                                                                3. Magma: Generation, Composition, and Properties