Urban Design and Planning

  1. Contemporary Issues and Specializations
    1. Environmental Sustainability and Resilience
      1. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
        1. Urban Heat Island Reduction
          1. Cool Roofs and Pavements
            1. Urban Forestry
              1. Green Infrastructure
                1. Building Design Strategies
                2. Flood Resilience
                  1. Floodplain Management
                    1. Green Infrastructure
                      1. Emergency Planning
                        1. Adaptive Design
                        2. Renewable Energy Integration
                          1. Solar Energy Systems
                            1. Wind Energy
                              1. Geothermal Systems
                                1. Energy Storage
                              2. Green Building Standards
                                1. LEED Certification
                                  1. Rating System
                                    1. Credit Categories
                                      1. Certification Process
                                        1. Performance Monitoring
                                        2. BREEAM Certification
                                          1. Assessment Categories
                                            1. Rating Levels
                                              1. Regional Variations
                                                1. Lifecycle Assessment
                                                2. Passive House Standards
                                                  1. Energy Performance
                                                    1. Comfort Standards
                                                      1. Quality Assurance
                                                        1. Certification Process
                                                      2. Urban Ecology and Biodiversity
                                                        1. Habitat Corridors
                                                          1. Wildlife Movement
                                                            1. Connectivity Planning
                                                              1. Habitat Restoration
                                                                1. Species Protection
                                                                2. Native Plantings
                                                                  1. Plant Selection
                                                                    1. Ecosystem Services
                                                                      1. Maintenance Requirements
                                                                        1. Community Education
                                                                        2. Urban Wildlife Management
                                                                          1. Habitat Creation
                                                                            1. Human-Wildlife Conflict
                                                                              1. Species Monitoring
                                                                                1. Conservation Strategies
                                                                              2. Low-Impact Development
                                                                                1. Green Roofs and Walls
                                                                                  1. Extensive Green Roofs
                                                                                    1. Intensive Green Roofs
                                                                                      1. Living Walls
                                                                                        1. Maintenance Systems
                                                                                        2. Permeable Pavements
                                                                                          1. Porous Asphalt
                                                                                            1. Permeable Concrete
                                                                                              1. Interlocking Pavers
                                                                                                1. Maintenance Requirements
                                                                                                2. Rain Gardens and Bioswales
                                                                                                  1. Design Principles
                                                                                                    1. Plant Selection
                                                                                                      1. Soil Requirements
                                                                                                        1. Maintenance Practices
                                                                                                      2. Urban Heat Island Effect
                                                                                                        1. Causes and Impacts
                                                                                                          1. Surface Materials
                                                                                                            1. Building Density
                                                                                                              1. Vegetation Loss
                                                                                                                1. Energy Consumption
                                                                                                                2. Mitigation Strategies
                                                                                                                  1. Cool Materials
                                                                                                                    1. Urban Forestry
                                                                                                                      1. Green Infrastructure
                                                                                                                        1. Building Design
                                                                                                                    2. Social Equity and Urbanism
                                                                                                                      1. Housing Affordability and Diversity
                                                                                                                        1. Affordable Housing Policies
                                                                                                                          1. Inclusionary Zoning
                                                                                                                            1. Housing Trust Funds
                                                                                                                              1. Tax Credit Programs
                                                                                                                                1. Public Housing
                                                                                                                                2. Inclusionary Zoning
                                                                                                                                  1. Mandatory Requirements
                                                                                                                                    1. Voluntary Programs
                                                                                                                                      1. In-Lieu Fees
                                                                                                                                        1. Performance Standards
                                                                                                                                        2. Housing Tenure Diversity
                                                                                                                                          1. Ownership Options
                                                                                                                                            1. Rental Housing
                                                                                                                                              1. Cooperative Housing
                                                                                                                                                1. Community Land Trusts
                                                                                                                                              2. Gentrification, Displacement, and Community Stability
                                                                                                                                                1. Causes of Gentrification
                                                                                                                                                  1. Market Forces
                                                                                                                                                    1. Public Investment
                                                                                                                                                      1. Zoning Changes
                                                                                                                                                        1. Cultural Shifts
                                                                                                                                                        2. Anti-Displacement Strategies
                                                                                                                                                          1. Tenant Protection
                                                                                                                                                            1. Affordable Housing Preservation
                                                                                                                                                              1. Community Benefits Agreements
                                                                                                                                                                1. Equitable Development
                                                                                                                                                                2. Community Land Trusts
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Land Ownership Models
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Affordability Preservation
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Community Control
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Financing Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Environmental Justice
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Equitable Distribution of Environmental Benefits
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Park Access
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Air Quality
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Green Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Healthy Food Access
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Addressing Environmental Burdens
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Pollution Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Cumulative Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Community Health
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Remediation Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Universal Design and Accessibility
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. ADA Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Accessibility Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Design Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Compliance Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Reasonable Accommodations
                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Barrier-Free Environments
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Physical Barriers
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Communication Barriers
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Programmatic Barriers
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Attitudinal Barriers
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Public Health and the Built Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Active Living Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Walkable Communities
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Bicycle Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Recreation Facilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Safe Routes to School
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Air Quality and Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Emission Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Health Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Mitigation Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Monitoring Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Access to Health Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Healthcare Facilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Transportation Access
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Service Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Community Health Centers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Food Systems and Urban Agriculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Community Gardens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Garden Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Community Organizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Educational Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Policy Support
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Urban Farms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Commercial Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Vertical Farming
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Aquaponics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Food Processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Food Access and Security
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Food Deserts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Healthy Food Retail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Food Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Emergency Food Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Economic Development and Revitalization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Downtown and Main Street Revitalization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Streetscape Improvements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Sidewalk Enhancements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Lighting Upgrades
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Landscape Installation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Public Art
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Business Retention and Attraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Business Incentives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Marketing Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Facade Improvements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Event Programming
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Brownfield Redevelopment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Site Remediation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Contamination Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Cleanup Technologies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Risk Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Regulatory Compliance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Adaptive Reuse
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Building Conversion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Mixed-Use Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Historic Preservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Community Benefits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Historic Preservation and Adaptive Reuse
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Preservation Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Secretary of Interior Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Local Design Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Material Conservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Documentation Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Reuse of Historic Structures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Feasibility Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Code Compliance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Financial Incentives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Community Engagement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Creative and Cultural Economies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Arts Districts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Artist Live-Work Spaces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Performance Venues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Cultural Programming
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Cultural Events and Festivals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Event Planning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Economic Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Community Engagement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Tourism Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Creative Industry Support
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Business Incubation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Workspace Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Networking Opportunities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Policy Support
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Transportation and New Mobility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Active Transportation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Walking Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Sidewalk Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Pedestrian Crossings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Wayfinding Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Safety Improvements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Cycling Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Bike Lane Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Bike Parking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Bike Share Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Safety Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Shared Mobility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Bike-Share Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. System Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Station Placement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Fleet Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. User Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Car-Share Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Service Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Parking Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Technology Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Policy Support
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Micro-Mobility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. E-Scooter Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. E-Bike Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Regulatory Framework
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Safety Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Autonomous Vehicles and their Urban Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Infrastructure Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Smart Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Communication Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Maintenance Facilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Charging Stations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Land Use Implications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Parking Reduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Street Design Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Development Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Economic Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Policy and Regulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Safety Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Liability Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Data Privacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Equity Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Logistics and Urban Freight
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Last-Mile Delivery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Delivery Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Consolidation Centers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Cargo Bikes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Drone Delivery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Freight Corridors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Truck Routes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Rail Freight
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Intermodal Facilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Conflict Mitigation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Urban Distribution Centers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Facility Location
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Design Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Traffic Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Community Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Smart Cities and Urban Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Big Data and Urban Analytics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Data Collection Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Sensor Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Mobile Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Social Media Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Administrative Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Predictive Modeling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Traffic Prediction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Demand Forecasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Risk Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Performance Optimization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Geographic Information Systems for Planning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Spatial Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Location Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Network Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Statistical Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Modeling Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Mapping and Visualization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Cartographic Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Interactive Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. 3D Visualization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Web-Based Mapping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Smart Grids and Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Energy Management Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Demand Response
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Load Balancing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Renewable Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Storage Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Intelligent Transportation Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Traffic Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Transit Operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Traveler Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Emergency Response
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Civic Technology and E-Governance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Digital Public Engagement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Online Platforms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Mobile Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Social Media Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Virtual Meetings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Open Data Initiatives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Data Transparency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Public Access
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Developer Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Civic Innovation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Informal Urbanism and Global South
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Slum Upgrading and Informal Settlement Planning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Participatory Upgrading Approaches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Community Participation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Incremental Improvement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. In-Situ Upgrading
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Relocation Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Infrastructure Provision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Water and Sanitation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Electricity Access
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Road Improvements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Solid Waste Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Challenges of Rapid Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Infrastructure Deficits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Service Gaps
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Capacity Constraints
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Maintenance Challenges
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Financing Limitations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Service Delivery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Public Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Healthcare Access
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Education Facilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Transportation Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Participatory Planning in Developing Contexts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Community-Led Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Local Knowledge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Capacity Building
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Leadership Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Empowerment Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Capacity Building
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Technical Training
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Institutional Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Resource Mobilization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Partnership Building

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Go to top

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                6. Professional Practice in Urban Design and Planning