Urban Design and Planning

  1. Elements of Urban Form and Structure
    1. The Public Realm
      1. Streets and Streetscapes
        1. Street Hierarchy and Classification
          1. Arterial Streets
            1. Traffic Capacity
              1. Access Control
                1. Design Standards
                  1. Land Use Interface
                  2. Collector Streets
                    1. Neighborhood Connections
                      1. Moderate Traffic Volumes
                        1. Mixed Functions
                          1. Transit Routes
                          2. Local Streets
                            1. Residential Access
                              1. Low Traffic Volumes
                                1. Pedestrian Priority
                                  1. Neighborhood Character
                                2. Complete Streets Principles
                                  1. Multimodal Design
                                    1. Vehicle Accommodation
                                      1. Transit Integration
                                        1. Bicycle Facilities
                                          1. Pedestrian Infrastructure
                                          2. Accessibility for All Users
                                            1. ADA Compliance
                                              1. Age-Friendly Design
                                                1. Universal Design
                                                  1. Barrier-Free Access
                                                  2. Safety Enhancements
                                                    1. Traffic Calming
                                                      1. Visibility Improvements
                                                        1. Conflict Reduction
                                                          1. Speed Management
                                                        2. Pedestrian-Oriented Design
                                                          1. Sidewalk Design
                                                            1. Width Standards
                                                              1. Surface Materials
                                                                1. Accessibility Features
                                                                  1. Buffer Zones
                                                                  2. Crosswalks and Intersections
                                                                    1. Crossing Design
                                                                      1. Signal Timing
                                                                        1. Visibility Enhancements
                                                                          1. Pedestrian Islands
                                                                          2. Traffic Calming Measures
                                                                            1. Speed Bumps
                                                                              1. Chicanes
                                                                                1. Roundabouts
                                                                                  1. Narrowed Lanes
                                                                                2. Street Furniture and Amenities
                                                                                  1. Benches and Seating
                                                                                    1. Placement Strategies
                                                                                      1. Design Standards
                                                                                        1. Material Selection
                                                                                          1. Maintenance Considerations
                                                                                          2. Lighting and Signage
                                                                                            1. Illumination Standards
                                                                                              1. Wayfinding Systems
                                                                                                1. Safety Lighting
                                                                                                  1. Decorative Elements
                                                                                                  2. Trees and Landscaping
                                                                                                    1. Species Selection
                                                                                                      1. Planting Design
                                                                                                        1. Maintenance Requirements
                                                                                                          1. Environmental Benefits
                                                                                                          2. Public Art
                                                                                                            1. Art Integration
                                                                                                              1. Community Involvement
                                                                                                                1. Cultural Expression
                                                                                                                  1. Maintenance Planning
                                                                                                              2. Parks and Open Space Systems
                                                                                                                1. Types of Parks
                                                                                                                  1. Neighborhood Parks
                                                                                                                    1. Service Area
                                                                                                                      1. Facility Standards
                                                                                                                        1. Programming Options
                                                                                                                          1. Community Access
                                                                                                                          2. Community Parks
                                                                                                                            1. Regional Service
                                                                                                                              1. Specialized Facilities
                                                                                                                                1. Event Hosting
                                                                                                                                  1. Multi-Use Programming
                                                                                                                                  2. Regional Parks
                                                                                                                                    1. Large-Scale Recreation
                                                                                                                                      1. Natural Resource Protection
                                                                                                                                        1. Tourism Attraction
                                                                                                                                          1. Environmental Education
                                                                                                                                          2. Pocket Parks
                                                                                                                                            1. Urban Infill
                                                                                                                                              1. Neighborhood Amenity
                                                                                                                                                1. Small-Scale Programming
                                                                                                                                                  1. Community Gardens
                                                                                                                                                2. Greenways and Linear Parks
                                                                                                                                                  1. Trail Networks
                                                                                                                                                    1. Connectivity Systems
                                                                                                                                                      1. Multi-Use Trails
                                                                                                                                                        1. Maintenance Access
                                                                                                                                                          1. Safety Considerations
                                                                                                                                                          2. River and Waterfront Corridors
                                                                                                                                                            1. Riparian Protection
                                                                                                                                                              1. Flood Management
                                                                                                                                                                1. Recreation Access
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Habitat Preservation
                                                                                                                                                                2. Ecological Functions of Open Space
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Habitat Preservation
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Native Species Protection
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Wildlife Corridors
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Biodiversity Conservation
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Ecosystem Restoration
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Stormwater Management
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Natural Drainage
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Flood Control
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Water Quality Improvement
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Groundwater Recharge
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Urban Cooling
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Heat Island Mitigation
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Microclimate Modification
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Air Quality Improvement
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Energy Conservation
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Plazas, Squares, and Civic Spaces
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Design for Social Interaction
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Flexible Use Spaces
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Multi-Purpose Design
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Adaptable Layouts
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Temporary Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Event Accommodation
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Seating Arrangements
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Social Seating
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Individual Seating
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Group Accommodation
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Comfort Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Shade and Shelter
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Tree Canopy
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Built Structures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Weather Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Seasonal Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Programming and Activation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Events and Festivals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Cultural Events
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Community Celebrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Seasonal Programming
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Economic Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Markets and Pop-Ups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Farmers Markets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Temporary Retail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Food Vendors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Artisan Markets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Public Performances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Performance Spaces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Acoustic Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Audience Accommodation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Technical Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Waterfronts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Public Access and Connectivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Walkways and Promenades
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Continuous Access
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. ADA Compliance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Scenic Viewing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Connection to City
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Visual and Physical Access
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. View Corridors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Public Easements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Barrier Removal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Gateway Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Ecological Restoration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Wetland Rehabilitation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Habitat Restoration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Water Quality Improvement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Flood Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Educational Opportunities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Shoreline Stabilization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Erosion Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Natural Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Engineering Approaches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Long-term Maintenance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Mixed-Use Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Residential and Commercial Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Housing Options
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Retail Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Office Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Hotel and Tourism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Recreational Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Boating Facilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Swimming Areas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Fishing Access
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Water Sports
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. The Private Realm: Buildings and Parcels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Building Typologies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Residential
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Single-Family Homes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Detached Houses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Attached Houses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Townhouses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Accessory Dwelling Units
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Multi-Family Buildings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Duplexes and Triplexes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Small Apartment Buildings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Courtyard Housing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Garden Apartments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. High-Rise Apartments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Tower Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Podium Buildings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Mixed-Income Housing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Luxury Developments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Commercial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Retail Stores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Street-Level Retail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Shopping Centers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Big Box Stores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Specialty Retail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Office Buildings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Low-Rise Offices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Mid-Rise Offices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. High-Rise Towers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Flex Office Space
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Mixed-Use Developments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Retail-Office Combinations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Residential-Commercial Mix
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Transit-Oriented Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Live-Work Units
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Industrial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Light Industrial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Manufacturing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Assembly Operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Research and Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Food Processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Heavy Industrial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Steel Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Chemical Processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Power Generation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Petroleum Refining
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Warehousing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Distribution Centers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Storage Facilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Logistics Hubs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cold Storage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Institutional
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Schools and Universities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Elementary Schools
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Secondary Schools
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Higher Education
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Specialized Training
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Hospitals and Health Facilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. General Hospitals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Specialty Clinics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Emergency Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Long-Term Care
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Government Buildings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. City Halls
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Courthouses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Public Safety Facilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Service Centers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Mixed-Use Buildings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Vertical Mixed-Use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Ground Floor Retail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Upper Floor Offices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Residential Above Commercial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Parking Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Horizontal Mixed-Use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Campus-Style Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Phased Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Complementary Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Shared Facilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Building Form and Massing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Height
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Zoning Restrictions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. View Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Shadow Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Transition Zones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Bulk
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Floor Area Ratio
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Building Volume
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Mass Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Proportional Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Setbacks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Front Setbacks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Side Setbacks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Rear Setbacks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Upper Floor Setbacks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Building Envelope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Zoning Envelope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Design Flexibility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Maximum Buildable Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Height Transitions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Articulation and Facade Treatment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Wall Plane Variation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Material Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Window Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Architectural Details
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Density and Intensity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Floor Area Ratio
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Calculation Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Bonus Provisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Transfer Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Performance Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Dwelling Units per Acre
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Residential Density
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Unit Mix Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Affordability Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Infrastructure Capacity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Lot Coverage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Building Footprint
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Open Space Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Impervious Surface Limits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Landscape Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Relationship between Density and Urban Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Compactness
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Efficient Land Use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Infrastructure Efficiency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Transit Supportive
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Walkable Neighborhoods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Urban Sprawl
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Low-Density Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Infrastructure Costs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Environmental Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Transportation Dependence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Urban Fabric and Grain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Parcel and Block Size
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Historic Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Development Flexibility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Infrastructure Efficiency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Walkability Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Street Network Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Grid Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Curvilinear Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cul-de-sac Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Connectivity Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Fine-Grain Urbanism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Small Parcels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Diverse Ownership
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Incremental Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Local Character
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Coarse-Grain Urbanism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Large Parcels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Unified Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Planned Communities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Standardized Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Networks and Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Transportation and Mobility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Road Networks and Vehicular Circulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Hierarchical Road Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Functional Classification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Design Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Access Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Traffic Operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Traffic Flow and Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Capacity Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Level of Service
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Signal Coordination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Congestion Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Public Transit Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Bus Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Route Planning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Stop Placement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Service Frequency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Fleet Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Rail Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Light Rail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Heavy Rail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Commuter Rail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. High-Speed Rail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Ferry Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Water Transportation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Terminal Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Route Planning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Integration with Land Transport
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Bicycle and Pedestrian Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Bike Lanes and Paths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Protected Bike Lanes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Shared Use Paths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Bike Boulevards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Intersection Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Pedestrian Zones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Car-Free Areas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Shared Streets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Pedestrian Malls
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Temporary Closures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Connectivity and Safety
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Network Continuity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Barrier Removal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Lighting Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Maintenance Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Transit-Oriented Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Principles of TOD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Density Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Mixed-Use Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Pedestrian Orientation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Parking Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Land Use Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Zoning Coordination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Development Incentives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Public-Private Partnerships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Community Benefits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Station Area Planning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Catchment Area Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Access Improvements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Development Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Public Space Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Infrastructure Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Water Supply and Wastewater Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Water Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Source Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Treatment Facilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Distribution Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Storage Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Sewage Collection and Treatment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Collection Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Treatment Plants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Effluent Disposal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Sludge Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Stormwater Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Green Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Rain Gardens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Bioswales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Permeable Pavements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Green Roofs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Permeable Surfaces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Porous Pavement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Permeable Concrete
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Gravel Surfaces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Grass Pavers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Detention and Retention Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Detention Ponds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Retention Basins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Underground Storage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Constructed Wetlands
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Energy Grids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Electricity Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Power Generation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Transmission Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Distribution Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Smart Grid Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Renewable Energy Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Solar Power Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Wind Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Geothermal Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Energy Storage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Solid Waste Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Collection and Disposal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Collection Routes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Transfer Stations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Landfill Operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Waste-to-Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Recycling and Composting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Material Recovery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Composting Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Hazardous Waste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Electronic Waste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Telecommunications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Broadband and Fiber Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Internet Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Fiber Optic Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Digital Divide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Public Wi-Fi
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Wireless Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Cell Tower Placement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Small Cell Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. 5G Implementation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Coverage Planning

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Foundations of Urban Design and Planning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Go to top

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. The Planning Process and Policy