Urban Design and Planning

  1. The Planning Process and Policy
    1. Frameworks for Planning
      1. The Comprehensive Plan
        1. Vision and Goals
          1. Community Vision
            1. Strategic Goals
              1. Performance Measures
                1. Implementation Timeline
                2. Land Use Elements
                  1. Future Land Use Map
                    1. Development Policies
                      1. Growth Management
                        1. Zoning Consistency
                        2. Transportation Elements
                          1. Mobility Goals
                            1. Infrastructure Needs
                              1. Funding Strategies
                              2. Housing Elements
                                1. Housing Needs Assessment
                                  1. Affordability Strategies
                                    1. Site Inventory
                                      1. Implementation Programs
                                      2. Environmental Elements
                                        1. Natural Resource Protection
                                          1. Environmental Quality
                                            1. Hazard Mitigation
                                              1. Sustainability Goals
                                            2. Sector and Small Area Plans
                                              1. Neighborhood Plans
                                                1. Community Character
                                                  1. Local Issues
                                                    1. Implementation Strategies
                                                      1. Resident Involvement
                                                      2. Corridor Plans
                                                        1. Linear Development
                                                          1. Transportation Integration
                                                            1. Economic Development
                                                              1. Design Guidelines
                                                              2. Special District Plans
                                                                1. Downtown Plans
                                                                  1. Historic Districts
                                                                    1. Entertainment Districts
                                                                      1. Innovation Districts
                                                                    2. Regional and Strategic Plans
                                                                      1. Metropolitan Planning Organizations
                                                                        1. Regional Coordination
                                                                          1. Transportation Planning
                                                                            1. Federal Requirements
                                                                              1. Funding Allocation
                                                                              2. Cross-Jurisdictional Coordination
                                                                                1. Intergovernmental Agreements
                                                                                  1. Shared Services
                                                                                    1. Regional Issues
                                                                                      1. Conflict Resolution
                                                                                      2. Growth Management Strategies
                                                                                        1. Urban Growth Boundaries
                                                                                          1. Development Rights Transfer
                                                                                            1. Impact Fees
                                                                                              1. Concurrency Requirements
                                                                                          2. The Planning Cycle
                                                                                            1. Research and Data Analysis
                                                                                              1. Demographic Analysis
                                                                                                1. Population Projections
                                                                                                  1. Age Structure
                                                                                                    1. Household Composition
                                                                                                      1. Migration Patterns
                                                                                                      2. Economic Analysis
                                                                                                        1. Industry Analysis
                                                                                                          1. Market Studies
                                                                                                            1. Economic Impact
                                                                                                            2. Land Use Inventories
                                                                                                              1. Existing Land Use
                                                                                                                1. Vacant Land Analysis
                                                                                                                  1. Development Capacity
                                                                                                                    1. Zoning Analysis
                                                                                                                    2. Environmental Assessment
                                                                                                                      1. Natural Resources
                                                                                                                        1. Environmental Constraints
                                                                                                                          1. Hazard Identification
                                                                                                                            1. Climate Conditions
                                                                                                                            2. Needs Assessment
                                                                                                                              1. Service Gaps
                                                                                                                                1. Infrastructure Deficiencies
                                                                                                                                  1. Community Priorities
                                                                                                                                    1. Resource Requirements
                                                                                                                                  2. Visioning and Goal Setting
                                                                                                                                    1. Community Visioning Workshops
                                                                                                                                      1. Facilitation Techniques
                                                                                                                                        1. Consensus Building
                                                                                                                                          1. Vision Statements
                                                                                                                                            1. Priority Setting
                                                                                                                                            2. Stakeholder Input
                                                                                                                                              1. Stakeholder Mapping
                                                                                                                                                1. Interview Processes
                                                                                                                                                  1. Survey Methods
                                                                                                                                                    1. Focus Groups
                                                                                                                                                    2. Goal Formulation
                                                                                                                                                      1. SMART Goals
                                                                                                                                                        1. Measurable Objectives
                                                                                                                                                          1. Performance Indicators
                                                                                                                                                            1. Timeline Development
                                                                                                                                                          2. Formulation of Alternatives
                                                                                                                                                            1. Scenario Development
                                                                                                                                                              1. Alternative Futures
                                                                                                                                                                1. Growth Scenarios
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Policy Options
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Development Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Impact Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Environmental Impact
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Economic Impact
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Social Impact
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Fiscal Impact
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Feasibility Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Technical Feasibility
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Financial Feasibility
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Political Feasibility
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Plan Adoption and Approval
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Public Hearings
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Notice Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Hearing Procedures
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Public Comment
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Record Keeping
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Planning Commission Review
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Staff Reports
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Commission Deliberation
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Recommendations
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Conditions of Approval
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Legislative Approval
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. City Council Action
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Ordinance Adoption
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Appeal Processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Implementation
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Phasing and Prioritization
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Implementation Phases
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Priority Projects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Resource Allocation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Timeline Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Funding and Resource Allocation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Budget Planning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Grant Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Public-Private Partnerships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Fee Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Interagency Coordination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Agency Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Coordination Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Communication Protocols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Conflict Resolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Monitoring and Evaluation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Performance Indicators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Quantitative Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Qualitative Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Data Collection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Reporting Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Plan Updates and Amendments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Review Cycles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Amendment Procedures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Public Involvement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Consistency Maintenance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Feedback Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Community Feedback
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Stakeholder Input
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Performance Reviews
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Adaptive Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Tools for Implementation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Zoning Ordinances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Use-Based Zoning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Residential Zones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Single-Family Zones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Multi-Family Zones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Density Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Design Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Commercial Zones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Neighborhood Commercial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. General Commercial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Central Business District
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Mixed-Use Commercial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Industrial Zones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Light Industrial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Heavy Industrial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Research and Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Flex Industrial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Form-Based Codes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Building Form Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Building Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Lot Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Building Placement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Architectural Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Public Realm Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Street Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Open Space Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Streetscape Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Civic Space Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Incentive Zoning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Density Bonuses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Affordable Housing Bonus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Public Benefit Bonus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Transit Bonus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Green Building Bonus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Affordable Housing Incentives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Inclusionary Zoning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. In-Lieu Fees
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Land Dedication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Tax Incentives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Overlay Zones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Historic Preservation Overlays
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Design Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Demolition Controls
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Rehabilitation Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Tax Incentives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Environmental Protection Overlays
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Wetland Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Steep Slope Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Flood Plain Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Tree Preservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Subdivision Regulations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Platting and Lot Division
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Subdivision Process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Lot Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Street Layout
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Utility Easements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Infrastructure Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Street Construction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Utility Installation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Stormwater Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Landscaping Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Open Space Dedication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Parkland Dedication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. In-Lieu Fees
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Private Open Space
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Trail Connections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Capital Improvement Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Infrastructure Investment Planning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Needs Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Priority Setting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Cost Estimation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Scheduling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Project Prioritization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Evaluation Criteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Scoring Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Public Input
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Council Priorities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Funding Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. General Fund
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Bond Financing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Grant Funding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Special Assessments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Development Review and Permitting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Site Plan Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Review Process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Design Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Public Hearings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Conditions of Approval
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Environmental Impact Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. NEPA Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. State Environmental Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Mitigation Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Monitoring Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Building Permits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Code Compliance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Plan Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Inspection Process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Certificate of Occupancy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Public Participation and Community Engagement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Stakeholder Identification and Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Community Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Neighborhood Organizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Advocacy Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Cultural Organizations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Environmental Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Business Interests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Chamber of Commerce
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Business Associations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Property Owners
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Developers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Government Agencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Local Agencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. State Agencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Federal Agencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Special Districts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Methods for Engagement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Public Workshops
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Design Charrettes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Visioning Sessions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Technical Workshops
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Walking Tours
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Surveys and Questionnaires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Mail Surveys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Online Surveys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Phone Surveys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Intercept Surveys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Public Hearings and Meetings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Formal Hearings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Town Hall Meetings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Neighborhood Meetings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Focus Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Online Engagement Tools
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Project Websites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Social Media
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Online Mapping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Virtual Meetings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Principles of Inclusive Participation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Equity and Representation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Demographic Representation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Geographic Representation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Socioeconomic Diversity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Cultural Diversity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Language and Accessibility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Translation Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Interpretation Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. ADA Compliance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Multiple Formats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Culturally Responsive Engagement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cultural Competency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Community Liaisons
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Trusted Messengers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Appropriate Venues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Consensus Building and Conflict Resolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Mediation Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Neutral Facilitation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Interest-Based Negotiation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Problem-Solving Approaches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Communication Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Negotiation Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Win-Win Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Trade-Off Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Package Deals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Phased Agreements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Collaborative Decision-Making
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Shared Decision Authority
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Consensus Processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Advisory Committees
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Citizen Juries

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Elements of Urban Form and Structure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Go to top

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4. The Urban Design Process and Methods