Turfgrass Management

  1. Integrated Pest Management
    1. Principles of IPM
      1. IPM Philosophy and Approach
        1. Monitoring and Scouting
          1. Regular Inspection Techniques
            1. Record Keeping Systems
              1. Mapping Problem Areas
              2. Pest Identification and Thresholds
                1. Accurate Identification Methods
                  1. Economic Thresholds
                    1. Action Thresholds
                      1. Aesthetic Thresholds
                      2. Control Strategy Hierarchy
                        1. Prevention
                          1. Cultural Controls
                            1. Biological Controls
                              1. Chemical Controls
                              2. Evaluation and Adjustment
                                1. Treatment Effectiveness Assessment
                                  1. Program Modification
                                2. Weed Management
                                  1. Weed Biology and Identification
                                    1. Grassy Weeds
                                      1. Annual Grasses
                                        1. Perennial Grasses
                                          1. Identification Features
                                            1. Life Cycles
                                            2. Broadleaf Weeds
                                              1. Annual Broadleaves
                                                1. Perennial Broadleaves
                                                  1. Identification Features
                                                    1. Life Cycles
                                                    2. Sedges
                                                      1. Yellow Nutsedge
                                                        1. Purple Nutsedge
                                                          1. Identification Features
                                                            1. Life Cycles
                                                          2. Cultural Weed Control
                                                            1. Dense Turf Maintenance
                                                              1. Proper Mowing Practices
                                                                1. Appropriate Fertilization
                                                                  1. Irrigation Management
                                                                    1. Overseeding Strategies
                                                                    2. Mechanical Weed Control
                                                                      1. Hand Removal
                                                                        1. Cultivation Timing
                                                                        2. Herbicide Management
                                                                          1. Pre-emergent Herbicides
                                                                            1. Mode of Action
                                                                              1. Application Timing
                                                                                1. Soil Incorporation
                                                                                2. Post-emergent Herbicides
                                                                                  1. Contact Herbicides
                                                                                    1. Systemic Herbicides
                                                                                      1. Application Timing
                                                                                      2. Selective vs. Non-selective Herbicides
                                                                                        1. Herbicide Resistance Management
                                                                                          1. Rotation Strategies
                                                                                            1. Mode of Action Groups
                                                                                        2. Disease Management
                                                                                          1. Disease Development
                                                                                            1. The Disease Triangle
                                                                                              1. Susceptible Host
                                                                                                1. Virulent Pathogen
                                                                                                  1. Favorable Environment
                                                                                                  2. Infection Process
                                                                                                    1. Disease Cycles
                                                                                                    2. Common Turfgrass Diseases
                                                                                                      1. Fungal Diseases
                                                                                                        1. Dollar Spot
                                                                                                          1. Brown Patch
                                                                                                            1. Pythium Blight
                                                                                                              1. Fairy Ring
                                                                                                                1. Snow Molds
                                                                                                                  1. Anthracnose
                                                                                                                    1. Summer Patch
                                                                                                                    2. Bacterial Diseases
                                                                                                                      1. Viral Diseases
                                                                                                                        1. Nematode Problems
                                                                                                                        2. Cultural Disease Control
                                                                                                                          1. Improving Air Circulation
                                                                                                                            1. Drainage Enhancement
                                                                                                                              1. Thatch Reduction
                                                                                                                                1. Proper Fertilization
                                                                                                                                  1. Irrigation Management
                                                                                                                                    1. Resistant Cultivar Selection
                                                                                                                                    2. Fungicide Management
                                                                                                                                      1. Contact Fungicides
                                                                                                                                        1. Systemic Fungicides
                                                                                                                                          1. Preventative Applications
                                                                                                                                            1. Curative Applications
                                                                                                                                              1. Application Timing
                                                                                                                                                1. Fungicide Resistance Management
                                                                                                                                                  1. FRAC Code Rotation
                                                                                                                                                    1. Tank Mixing Strategies
                                                                                                                                                2. Insect Management
                                                                                                                                                  1. Insect Biology and Identification
                                                                                                                                                    1. Life Cycle Stages
                                                                                                                                                      1. Seasonal Activity Patterns
                                                                                                                                                        1. Damage Symptoms
                                                                                                                                                          1. Monitoring Techniques
                                                                                                                                                          2. Common Turfgrass Insect Pests
                                                                                                                                                            1. Surface-Feeding Insects
                                                                                                                                                              1. Chinch Bugs
                                                                                                                                                                1. Sod Webworms
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Armyworms
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Cutworms
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Sub-Surface Feeding Insects
                                                                                                                                                                      1. White Grubs
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Billbug Larvae
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Sucking Insects
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Aphids
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Scale Insects
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Nuisance Pests
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Ants
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Mole Crickets
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Cultural and Biological Control
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Habitat Modification
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Beneficial Organism Conservation
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Biological Control Agents
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Predatory Insects
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Parasitic Wasps
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Entomopathogenic Nematodes
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Insecticide Management
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Mode of Action Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Application Timing
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Life Stage Targeting
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Seasonal Timing
                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Application Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Granular Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Liquid Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Safety and Environmental Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Resistance Management

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                                                                                                                                                                                                  7. Secondary Cultural Practices

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                                                                                                                                                                                                  9. Specialized Turfgrass Management Areas