Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena

Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena are the foundational pillars of chemical engineering, providing the essential principles for analyzing and designing chemical processes. Thermodynamics deals with energy, equilibrium, and the feasibility of processes, determining whether a reaction will occur or how phases will separate under given conditions. Complementing this, transport phenomena—comprising fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and mass transfer—quantifies the *rate* at which momentum, energy, and chemical species move through a system. Together, these disciplines allow engineers to predict not only the final outcome of a process (the "what" and "how much" from thermodynamics) but also the speed at which it occurs and the equipment size required (the "how fast" from transport phenomena).

1. Introduction to Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena
   1. Overview and Scope
      1. Definition of Thermodynamics
      2. Definition of Transport Phenomena
      3. Relationship between Thermodynamics and Transport
      4. Applications in Chemical Engineering
   2. Historical Development
      1. Classical Thermodynamics Development
      2. Statistical Thermodynamics Origins
      3. Transport Theory Evolution
      4. Key Contributors and Milestones
   3. Fundamental Concepts
      1. System Definition and Classification
         1. System Boundaries
         2. Isolated Systems
         3. Closed Systems
         4. Open Systems
         5. Control Volumes
      2. Properties and State
         1. Intensive Properties
         2. Extensive Properties
         3. Specific Properties
         4. State Functions
         5. Path Functions
         6. Property Relationships
      3. Equilibrium Concepts
         1. Thermodynamic State
         2. Mechanical Equilibrium
         3. Thermal Equilibrium
         4. Chemical Equilibrium
         5. Phase Equilibrium
      4. Processes and Transformations
         1. Reversible Processes
         2. Irreversible Processes
         3. Quasi-static Processes
         4. Isothermal Processes
         5. Isobaric Processes
         6. Isochoric Processes
         7. Adiabatic Processes
         8. Polytropic Processes
      5. Thermodynamic Cycles
         1. Cycle Definition
         2. Cycle Analysis
         3. Heat Engines
         4. Refrigeration Cycles
   4. Units and Dimensions
      1. SI Unit System
      2. Dimensional Analysis
      3. Unit Conversions
      4. Dimensional Consistency