Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena

2.

Classical Thermodynamics

2.1.

The First Law of Thermodynamics

2.1.1.

Energy Concepts

2.1.1.1.

Internal Energy

2.1.1.2.

2.1.1.3.

Potential Energy

2.1.1.4.

2.1.2.

Energy Transfer Mechanisms

2.1.2.1.

2.1.2.2.

2.1.2.3.

Mass Transfer with Energy

2.1.3.

Heat and Temperature

2.1.3.1.

Heat Definition

2.1.3.2.

Temperature Scales

2.1.3.3.

2.1.3.4.

Specific Heat at Constant Volume

2.1.3.5.

Specific Heat at Constant Pressure

2.1.3.6.

Heat Capacity Relationships

2.1.4.

Work and Its Forms

2.1.4.1.

Mechanical Work

2.1.4.2.

2.1.4.3.

2.1.4.4.

2.1.4.5.

Electrical Work

2.1.5.

First Law for Closed Systems

2.1.5.1.

Energy Balance Equation

2.1.5.2.

Sign Conventions

2.1.5.3.

Applications to Simple Processes

2.1.6.

First Law for Open Systems

2.1.6.1.

Control Volume Analysis

2.1.6.2.

Enthalpy Definition

2.1.6.3.

Steady Flow Energy Equation

2.1.6.4.

Unsteady Flow Analysis

2.1.6.5.

Mass and Energy Balances

2.2.

Properties of Pure Substances

2.2.1.

2.2.1.1.

2.2.1.2.

2.2.1.3.

2.2.1.4.

Phase Transitions

2.2.1.5.

2.2.1.6.

2.2.2.

Property Diagrams

2.2.2.1.

2.2.2.2.

2.2.2.3.

2.2.2.4.

2.2.2.5.

2.2.3.

Steam Tables and Property Data

2.2.3.1.

Saturated Properties

2.2.3.2.

Superheated Properties

2.2.3.3.

Compressed Liquid Properties

2.2.3.4.

Quality and Dryness Fraction

2.2.4.

Equations of State

2.2.4.1.

2.2.4.2.

Van der Waals Equation

2.2.4.3.

Redlich-Kwong Equation

2.2.4.4.

Peng-Robinson Equation

2.2.4.5.

Virial Equations

2.2.4.6.

Benedict-Webb-Rubin Equation

2.2.5.

Corresponding States Principle

2.2.5.1.

Reduced Properties

2.2.5.2.

Compressibility Factor

2.2.5.3.

Generalized Charts

2.2.5.4.

Acentric Factor

2.3.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

2.3.1.

Statements of the Second Law

2.3.1.1.

Kelvin-Planck Statement

2.3.1.2.

Clausius Statement

2.3.1.3.

Equivalence of Statements

2.3.2.

Heat Engines and Efficiency

2.3.2.1.

Thermal Efficiency

2.3.2.2.

2.3.2.3.

Carnot Efficiency

2.3.2.4.

Practical Heat Engines

2.3.3.

Refrigerators and Heat Pumps

2.3.3.1.

Coefficient of Performance

2.3.3.2.

Carnot Refrigerator

2.3.3.3.

Heat Pump Analysis

2.3.4.

2.3.4.1.

Entropy Definition

2.3.4.2.

Entropy as State Function

2.3.4.3.

Entropy Generation

2.3.4.4.

Entropy Balance

2.3.4.5.

Isentropic Processes

2.3.5.

Entropy Calculations

2.3.5.1.

Entropy of Pure Substances

2.3.5.2.

Entropy of Ideal Gases

2.3.5.3.

Entropy Changes in Processes

2.3.5.4.

Entropy of Mixing

2.3.6.

Irreversibility and Availability

2.3.6.1.

Reversible Work

2.3.6.2.

Irreversibility

2.3.6.3.

Second Law Efficiency

2.3.6.4.

Availability Analysis

2.4.

Thermodynamic Relations

2.4.1.

Maxwell Relations

2.4.1.1.

Derivation from Fundamental Equations

2.4.1.2.

Applications of Maxwell Relations

2.4.2.

Clapeyron Equation

2.4.2.1.

Phase Equilibrium Relations

2.4.2.2.

Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

2.4.3.

Joule-Thomson Effect

2.4.3.1.

Joule-Thomson Coefficient

2.4.3.2.

Inversion Temperature

2.4.3.3.

Throttling Processes

2.4.4.

Partial Derivatives

2.4.4.1.

Thermodynamic Partial Derivatives

2.4.4.2.

Chain Rule Applications

2.4.4.3.

Jacobian Transformations

Previous

1. Introduction to Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena

Go to top

Next

3. Chemical Thermodynamics