The Economics of Innovation and Technology

  1. Government Policy and Innovation
    1. Rationale for Government Intervention
      1. Correcting Market Failures
        1. Public Good Nature of Knowledge
          1. Externalities and Spillovers
            1. Capital Market Imperfections
            2. Fostering Long-Run Growth
              1. Economic Development Goals
                1. Competitiveness Enhancement
                2. National Competitiveness
                  1. Innovation Policy as Industrial Policy
                    1. Strategic Sectors
                      1. National Champions
                      2. Technology Sovereignty
                        1. Critical Technologies
                          1. Supply Chain Security
                      3. Policy Instruments for Promoting Innovation
                        1. Direct Public Funding of R&D
                          1. Grants and Subsidies
                            1. Competitive Grant Programs
                              1. Block Funding
                              2. Public Research Institutions
                                1. National Laboratories
                                  1. Research Universities
                                2. R&D Tax Credits and Subsidies
                                  1. Design and Implementation
                                    1. Credit vs Deduction
                                      1. Incremental vs Level-Based
                                      2. Effectiveness and Evaluation
                                        1. Additionality Assessment
                                          1. Cost-Benefit Analysis
                                        2. Government Procurement
                                          1. Demand-Pull Innovation
                                            1. Public Sector as Lead Customer
                                              1. Innovation Procurement
                                              2. Strategic Sectors
                                                1. Defense Procurement
                                                  1. Healthcare Innovation
                                                2. Support for Science Parks and Incubators
                                                  1. Innovation Clusters
                                                    1. Geographic Concentration
                                                      1. Knowledge Spillovers
                                                      2. Startup Support Mechanisms
                                                        1. Business Incubation
                                                          1. Accelerator Programs
                                                        2. Regulatory Sandboxes
                                                          1. Experimental Regulation
                                                            1. Innovation-Friendly Regulation
                                                          2. Technology Transfer Policies
                                                            1. From Public Research to Private Industry
                                                              1. Licensing Agreements
                                                                1. Exclusive vs Non-Exclusive
                                                                  1. Royalty Structures
                                                                  2. Spin-Off Companies
                                                                    1. Academic Entrepreneurship
                                                                      1. Technology Commercialization
                                                                    2. The Bayh-Dole Act as a Model
                                                                      1. Key Provisions
                                                                        1. University Patent Rights
                                                                          1. Commercialization Requirements
                                                                          2. International Adoption
                                                                            1. Policy Diffusion
                                                                              1. Adaptation to Local Contexts
                                                                            2. Technology Transfer Offices
                                                                              1. Organizational Models
                                                                                1. Performance Metrics
                                                                              2. Competition Policy in High-Tech Industries
                                                                                1. Defining Markets with Rapid Innovation
                                                                                  1. Market Definition Challenges
                                                                                    1. Dynamic Markets
                                                                                      1. Innovation Competition
                                                                                      2. Dynamic Competition
                                                                                        1. Schumpeterian Competition
                                                                                          1. Innovation vs Price Competition
                                                                                        2. Monopoly Power in Platform Economies
                                                                                          1. Network Effects and Market Dominance
                                                                                            1. Winner-Take-All Markets
                                                                                              1. Entry Barriers
                                                                                              2. Regulatory Approaches
                                                                                                1. Antitrust Enforcement
                                                                                                  1. Sector-Specific Regulation
                                                                                                2. Merger and Acquisition Review
                                                                                                  1. Innovation Effects of M&A
                                                                                                    1. Innovation Incentives
                                                                                                      1. R&D Consolidation
                                                                                                      2. Antitrust Scrutiny
                                                                                                        1. Competitive Effects Analysis
                                                                                                          1. Innovation Markets
                                                                                                        2. Antitrust vs IPR
                                                                                                          1. Balancing Competition and Innovation Incentives
                                                                                                            1. Patent-Antitrust Interface
                                                                                                              1. Licensing Practices
                                                                                                              2. Essential Patents and FRAND
                                                                                                                1. Standard Essential Patents
                                                                                                                  1. Fair and Reasonable Terms
                                                                                                              3. National and Regional Innovation Systems
                                                                                                                1. The Role of Institutions
                                                                                                                  1. Education and Research Infrastructure
                                                                                                                    1. University Systems
                                                                                                                      1. Research Facilities
                                                                                                                    2. Comparing Innovation Policies Across Countries
                                                                                                                      1. Policy Approaches
                                                                                                                        1. Mission-Oriented vs Diffusion-Oriented
                                                                                                                          1. Top-Down vs Bottom-Up
                                                                                                                          2. Performance Metrics
                                                                                                                            1. Innovation Indicators
                                                                                                                              1. International Rankings
                                                                                                                            2. Regional Innovation Systems
                                                                                                                              1. Cluster Development
                                                                                                                                1. Local Innovation Ecosystems
                                                                                                                                  1. Regional Policy Coordination

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                                                                                                                              6. Technology, Productivity, and Economic Growth

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                                                                                                                              1. Foundations of Innovation Economics