Sustainable Urban Mobility

  1. Core Components of a Sustainable Mobility System
    1. Active Transportation
      1. Pedestrian Infrastructure
        1. Walkability Audits
          1. Assessment Tools and Methods
            1. Walk Score Methodologies
              1. Pedestrian Level of Service
                1. Walkability Index Development
                  1. Community-Based Assessments
                  2. Key Indicators of Walkability
                    1. Connectivity and Directness
                      1. Safety and Security
                        1. Comfort and Convenience
                          1. Attractiveness and Environment
                        2. Sidewalk Design and Standards
                          1. Width and Surface Requirements
                            1. Minimum Width Standards
                              1. Clear Zone Requirements
                                1. Surface Material Selection
                                  1. Maintenance Standards
                                  2. Universal Design Principles
                                    1. Barrier-Free Access
                                      1. Tactile Guidance Systems
                                        1. Ramp Design Standards
                                          1. Lighting Requirements
                                        2. Pedestrian-Only Zones
                                          1. Planning and Implementation
                                            1. Site Selection Criteria
                                              1. Stakeholder Consultation
                                                1. Phased Implementation
                                                  1. Access Management
                                                  2. Economic and Social Impacts
                                                    1. Retail and Business Effects
                                                      1. Property Value Changes
                                                        1. Social Interaction Enhancement
                                                          1. Cultural and Event Hosting
                                                        2. Safe Crossings
                                                          1. Crosswalk Design
                                                            1. Visibility Enhancement
                                                              1. Surface Treatments
                                                                1. Refuge Islands
                                                                  1. Crossing Distance Minimization
                                                                  2. Traffic Calming Measures
                                                                    1. Speed Reduction Techniques
                                                                      1. Physical Design Elements
                                                                        1. Psychological Traffic Calming
                                                                          1. Enforcement Integration
                                                                          2. Signalization and Visibility
                                                                            1. Pedestrian Signal Timing
                                                                              1. Countdown Timers
                                                                                1. Audible Signals
                                                                                  1. Lighting Design
                                                                              2. Cycling Infrastructure
                                                                                1. Types of Cycle Paths
                                                                                  1. Segregated Cycle Tracks
                                                                                    1. Physical Barriers and Safety
                                                                                      1. Barrier Design Options
                                                                                        1. Intersection Treatments
                                                                                          1. Maintenance Access
                                                                                            1. Emergency Vehicle Access
                                                                                          2. On-Street Bike Lanes
                                                                                            1. Markings and Signage
                                                                                              1. Lane Marking Standards
                                                                                                1. Directional Signage
                                                                                                  1. Conflict Zone Markings
                                                                                                    1. Maintenance Requirements
                                                                                                  2. Shared-Use Paths
                                                                                                    1. Multi-User Conflict Management
                                                                                                      1. User Separation Techniques
                                                                                                        1. Speed Management
                                                                                                          1. Etiquette and Education
                                                                                                            1. Maintenance Coordination
                                                                                                        2. Bicycle Parking and Storage
                                                                                                          1. Short-Term and Long-Term Facilities
                                                                                                            1. Rack Design and Placement
                                                                                                              1. Covered Parking Options
                                                                                                                1. Secure Storage Solutions
                                                                                                                  1. Capacity Planning
                                                                                                                  2. Security and Accessibility
                                                                                                                    1. Theft Prevention Measures
                                                                                                                      1. Surveillance and Lighting
                                                                                                                        1. Universal Access Design
                                                                                                                          1. Maintenance and Cleaning
                                                                                                                        2. Integration with Public Transit
                                                                                                                          1. Bike-and-Ride Facilities
                                                                                                                            1. Location and Design
                                                                                                                              1. Capacity and Demand Management
                                                                                                                                1. Security and Weather Protection
                                                                                                                                  1. Access and Circulation
                                                                                                                                  2. Policies for Bikes on Transit
                                                                                                                                    1. Vehicle Design Requirements
                                                                                                                                      1. Time and Route Restrictions
                                                                                                                                        1. Fare and Ticketing Integration
                                                                                                                                          1. Safety and Etiquette Rules
                                                                                                                                    2. Public Transportation Systems
                                                                                                                                      1. Network Planning and Design
                                                                                                                                        1. Route Optimization
                                                                                                                                          1. Demand Analysis
                                                                                                                                            1. Origin-Destination Studies
                                                                                                                                              1. Passenger Flow Patterns
                                                                                                                                                1. Peak and Off-Peak Demand
                                                                                                                                                  1. Seasonal Variations
                                                                                                                                                  2. Network Hierarchies
                                                                                                                                                    1. Trunk Route Systems
                                                                                                                                                      1. Feeder Service Networks
                                                                                                                                                        1. Express and Local Services
                                                                                                                                                          1. Cross-Town Connections
                                                                                                                                                        2. Service Frequency and Reliability
                                                                                                                                                          1. Scheduling Strategies
                                                                                                                                                            1. Headway-Based Scheduling
                                                                                                                                                              1. Clock-Face Scheduling
                                                                                                                                                                1. Demand-Responsive Scheduling
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Integrated Timetabling
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Headway Management
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Even Headway Maintenance
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Bunching Prevention
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Real-Time Adjustments
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Performance Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Network Coverage and Connectivity
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Spatial Distribution of Services
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Coverage Area Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Service Equity Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Accessibility Mapping
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Gap Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Interchange and Transfer Points
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Hub Design Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Transfer Time Minimization
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Wayfinding and Information
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Weather Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Modes of Public Transit
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Dedicated Lanes and Stations
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Busway Design Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Station Platform Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Intersection Treatments
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Access Control Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Operational Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Off-Board Fare Collection
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Multiple Door Boarding
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Signal Priority Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Fleet Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Light Rail Transit (LRT) and Trams
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Infrastructure Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Track and Overhead Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Power Supply Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Maintenance Facilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Station Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Urban Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Street-Running Sections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Grade Separation Options
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Landscape Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Noise and Vibration Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Metro and Heavy Rail Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Capacity and Speed
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Vehicle Capacity Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. System Capacity Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Speed and Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Dwell Time Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Underground and Elevated Options
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Tunneling Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Elevated Structure Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Environmental Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Construction Impact Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Ferries and Water Taxis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Urban Waterways Utilization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Route Planning on Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Terminal Location and Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Environmental Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Weather and Seasonal Operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Integration with Land Transport
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Intermodal Terminal Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Ticketing Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Schedule Coordination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Accessibility Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Public Transit Operations and Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Fare Structures and Ticketing Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Flat vs. Distance-Based Fares
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Fare Structure Comparison
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Revenue Optimization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Equity Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Administrative Complexity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Contactless and Mobile Payments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Technology Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Implementation Challenges
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. User Adoption Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Data Privacy and Security
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Real-Time Information Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Passenger Information Displays
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Display Technology Options
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Information Content Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Multilingual Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Maintenance and Updates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Mobile Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. App Feature Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. User Interface Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Data Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Accessibility Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Universal Design and Accessibility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Step-Free Access
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Elevator and Ramp Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Platform-Vehicle Interface
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Maintenance and Reliability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Emergency Evacuation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Audio and Visual Aids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Announcement Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Visual Display Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Tactile Guidance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Hearing Loop Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Service for Persons with Reduced Mobility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Specialized Vehicle Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Assistance Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Training and Awareness
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Feedback and Improvement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Shared Mobility Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Vehicle Sharing Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Car-Sharing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Round-Trip Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Station-Based Operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Reservation Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Vehicle Maintenance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. User Access Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. One-Way Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Free-Floating Operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Rebalancing Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Parking Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Technology Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Peer-to-Peer Platforms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Platform Business Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Insurance and Liability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Quality Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Community Building
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Bike-Sharing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Docked Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Station Design and Placement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Rebalancing Operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Maintenance Procedures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Expansion Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Dockless Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. GPS Tracking Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Parking Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Vandalism Prevention
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Regulatory Compliance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. E-Scooter Sharing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Fleet Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Deployment Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Battery Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Maintenance Scheduling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Data Analytics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Safety and Regulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Helmet Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Speed Limitations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Parking Regulations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. User Education
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Ride-Hailing and Ride-Sharing Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. App-Based Platforms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Platform Architecture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Matching Algorithms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Pricing Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Quality Assurance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Dynamic Ride-Pooling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Route Optimization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Passenger Matching
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Service Quality Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Environmental Benefits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Accessibility and Equity Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Wheelchair Accessible Vehicles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Service Area Coverage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Pricing Fairness
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Digital Divide Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Regulation and Integration of Shared Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Licensing and Permitting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Operator Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Vehicle Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Insurance Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Performance Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Data Sharing Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Trip Data Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Privacy Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Public Agency Access
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Research and Planning Use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Integration with Public Transit
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. First-Mile/Last-Mile Connections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Fare Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Information Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Service Coordination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Clean Vehicle Technologies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Electric Vehicles (EVs)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Technology Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Battery Technology Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Electric Motor Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Regenerative Braking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Vehicle Control Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Environmental Benefits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Zero Tailpipe Emissions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Life-Cycle Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Grid Integration Benefits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Noise Reduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Operation and Emissions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Electric-Only Range
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Hybrid Operation Modes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Fuel Consumption Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Emission Profiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Hydrogen Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Fuel Cell Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Hydrogen Storage Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Refueling Processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Efficiency Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Infrastructure Needs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Hydrogen Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Distribution Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Refueling Stations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Safety Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Charging and Refueling Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Public Charging Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Fast vs. Slow Charging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Charging Speed Comparison
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Battery Impact Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Cost and Pricing Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. User Experience Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Network Planning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Location Selection Criteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Demand Forecasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Grid Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Expansion Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Residential and Workplace Charging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Installation and Access
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Home Charging Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Multi-Unit Dwelling Challenges
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Workplace Charging Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Utility Programs and Incentives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Hydrogen Refueling Stations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Siting and Safety
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Location Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Safety Protocols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Emergency Procedures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Community Acceptance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Electrification of Public and Freight Fleets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Electric Buses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Technology Options
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Route Planning Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Charging Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Operational Experience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Electric Delivery Vehicles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Vehicle Size Categories
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Range and Payload Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Charging Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Business Case Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Fleet Transition Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Phased Replacement Plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Total Cost of Ownership
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Driver Training Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Maintenance Adaptation

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Foundations of Sustainable Urban Mobility

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Planning, Policy, and Governance