Sustainable Urban Development

  1. Challenges, Critiques, and Future Directions
    1. Key Challenges to Implementation
      1. Political Will and Institutional Barriers
        1. Leadership and Governance Gaps
          1. Political Commitment
            1. Institutional Capacity
              1. Coordination Failures
              2. Policy Incoherence
                1. Sectoral Silos
                  1. Conflicting Objectives
                    1. Implementation Gaps
                    2. Short-term Political Cycles
                    3. Financial Constraints
                      1. Funding Gaps
                        1. Infrastructure Investment Needs
                          1. Operating Cost Challenges
                            1. Revenue Limitations
                            2. Cost-Benefit Analysis Challenges
                              1. Valuation of Environmental Benefits
                                1. Long-term Cost Assessment
                                  1. Distributional Analysis
                                  2. Access to Capital Markets
                                  3. Social Resistance and NIMBYism
                                    1. Causes of Resistance
                                      1. Perceived Costs and Risks
                                        1. Lack of Information
                                          1. Trust Deficits
                                          2. Strategies for Overcoming Opposition
                                            1. Stakeholder Engagement
                                              1. Benefit Sharing
                                                1. Communication Strategies
                                                2. Managing Conflicts of Interest
                                                3. The Problem of Scale
                                                  1. Scaling Up Pilot Projects
                                                    1. Replication Challenges
                                                      1. Resource Requirements
                                                        1. Institutional Adaptation
                                                        2. Replicability and Adaptation
                                                          1. Context Specificity
                                                            1. Technology Transfer
                                                              1. Knowledge Management
                                                              2. Network Effects and System Change
                                                            2. Critiques of Sustainable Urbanism
                                                              1. Green Gentrification
                                                                1. Displacement Risks
                                                                  1. Housing Affordability Impacts
                                                                    1. Community Displacement
                                                                      1. Cultural Changes
                                                                      2. Mitigation Strategies
                                                                        1. Affordable Housing Protection
                                                                          1. Community Benefit Agreements
                                                                            1. Anti-Displacement Policies
                                                                            2. Inclusive Green Development
                                                                            3. The Eco-City as a Marketing Tool
                                                                              1. Superficial Sustainability Claims
                                                                                1. Greenwashing Practices
                                                                                  1. Marketing vs. Performance
                                                                                    1. Accountability Gaps
                                                                                    2. Greenwashing in Urban Development
                                                                                      1. Misleading Claims
                                                                                        1. Selective Reporting
                                                                                          1. Lack of Standards
                                                                                          2. Authentic Sustainability Assessment
                                                                                          3. Potential for Social Exclusion
                                                                                            1. Exclusionary Planning Practices
                                                                                              1. Elite Capture
                                                                                                1. Participation Barriers
                                                                                                  1. Power Imbalances
                                                                                                  2. Addressing Inequities
                                                                                                    1. Inclusive Planning Processes
                                                                                                      1. Equity Impact Assessment
                                                                                                        1. Redistributive Policies
                                                                                                        2. Rights-Based Approaches

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                                                                                                    5. Governance, Planning, and Implementation

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                                                                                                    1. Foundations of Sustainable Urban Development