Survey Research

  1. Sampling Theory and Methods
    1. Fundamental Concepts
      1. Population vs. Sample
        1. Sampling Frame
          1. Constructing a Sampling Frame
            1. Frame Quality Assessment
              1. Frame Coverage Issues
              2. Sampling Unit
                1. Representativeness
                  1. Generalizability
                    1. Sampling Distribution
                    2. Probability Sampling Methods
                      1. Simple Random Sampling
                        1. Procedures and Implementation
                          1. Random Number Generation
                            1. Advantages and Disadvantages
                            2. Systematic Sampling
                              1. Steps in Systematic Sampling
                                1. Calculating Sampling Intervals
                                  1. Potential Pitfalls and Periodicity
                                  2. Stratified Sampling
                                    1. Proportional Stratified Sampling
                                      1. Disproportional Stratified Sampling
                                        1. Selecting Strata Variables
                                          1. Optimal Allocation
                                          2. Cluster Sampling
                                            1. Defining Clusters
                                              1. Single-Stage vs. Multi-Stage Clustering
                                                1. Design Effects
                                                  1. Intracluster Correlation
                                                  2. Multi-stage Sampling
                                                    1. Combining Sampling Methods
                                                      1. Applications in Large Populations
                                                        1. Probability Calculations
                                                      2. Non-Probability Sampling Methods
                                                        1. Convenience Sampling
                                                          1. Situations for Use
                                                            1. Limitations and Biases
                                                            2. Quota Sampling
                                                              1. Setting Quotas
                                                                1. Ensuring Diversity
                                                                  1. Implementation Challenges
                                                                  2. Purposive Sampling
                                                                    1. Selecting Key Informants
                                                                      1. Use in Exploratory Research
                                                                        1. Expert Sampling
                                                                        2. Snowball Sampling
                                                                          1. Recruiting Hard-to-Reach Populations
                                                                            1. Managing Referral Chains
                                                                              1. Respondent-Driven Sampling
                                                                            2. Sample Size Determination
                                                                              1. Confidence Level
                                                                                1. Margin of Error
                                                                                  1. Population Variance Estimation
                                                                                    1. Power Analysis
                                                                                      1. Effect Size Considerations
                                                                                        1. Practical Considerations in Sample Size
                                                                                          1. Finite Population Correction
                                                                                          2. Sampling Frame Issues
                                                                                            1. Undercoverage
                                                                                              1. Causes and Consequences
                                                                                                1. Measurement and Assessment
                                                                                                2. Overcoverage
                                                                                                  1. Identifying and Addressing Overcoverage
                                                                                                  2. Duplicate Listings
                                                                                                    1. Detection and Removal Methods
                                                                                                    2. Frame Maintenance and Updates

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                                                                                                  2. Survey Design and Planning

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                                                                                                  4. Questionnaire and Instrument Design