Solid Waste Management

  1. Thermal Treatment and Waste-to-Energy (WTE)
    1. Incineration and Combustion Systems
      1. Combustion Fundamentals
        1. Combustion Chemistry and Reactions
          1. Stoichiometric Air Requirements
            1. Temperature and Residence Time
              1. Turbulence and Mixing
              2. Types of Incineration Systems
                1. Mass Burn Incinerators
                  1. Waterwall Furnaces
                    1. Refractory-lined Furnaces
                      1. Rotary Kiln Systems
                      2. Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Systems
                        1. RDF Preparation and Processing
                          1. Dedicated RDF Boilers
                            1. Co-firing in Coal Plants
                            2. Modular Incineration Systems
                              1. Starved Air Systems
                                1. Excess Air Systems
                              2. Energy Recovery Systems
                                1. Steam Generation Systems
                                  1. Boiler Design and Operation
                                    1. Steam Parameters and Efficiency
                                    2. Electricity Generation
                                      1. Steam Turbine Systems
                                        1. Generator Systems
                                          1. Grid Connection Requirements
                                          2. District Heating Applications
                                            1. Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
                                            2. Air Pollution Control (APC) Systems
                                              1. Acid Gas Control
                                                1. Wet Scrubbing Systems
                                                  1. Dry Scrubbing Systems
                                                    1. Semi-dry Scrubbing Systems
                                                    2. Particulate Matter Control
                                                      1. Baghouse Filter Systems
                                                        1. Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs)
                                                          1. Ceramic Filter Systems
                                                          2. Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Control
                                                            1. Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR)
                                                              1. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
                                                              2. Dioxin and Furan Control
                                                                1. Activated Carbon Injection
                                                                  1. Catalytic Oxidation
                                                                    1. Temperature Control Methods
                                                                    2. Mercury Control Systems
                                                                    3. Residue Management
                                                                      1. Bottom Ash Characteristics and Handling
                                                                        1. Ash Quenching Systems
                                                                          1. Metal Recovery from Bottom Ash
                                                                            1. Bottom Ash Processing and Use
                                                                            2. Fly Ash Management
                                                                              1. Fly Ash Characteristics
                                                                                1. Stabilization and Treatment
                                                                                  1. Disposal Requirements
                                                                                  2. APC Residue Management
                                                                                    1. Hazardous Waste Classification
                                                                                      1. Treatment and Stabilization
                                                                                        1. Secure Disposal Methods
                                                                                    2. Advanced Thermal Technologies
                                                                                      1. Gasification Systems
                                                                                        1. Gasification Process and Chemistry
                                                                                          1. Partial Oxidation Reactions
                                                                                            1. Temperature and Pressure Conditions
                                                                                              1. Gasifying Agents
                                                                                              2. Types of Gasifiers
                                                                                                1. Fixed Bed Gasifiers
                                                                                                  1. Fluidized Bed Gasifiers
                                                                                                    1. Entrained Flow Gasifiers
                                                                                                    2. Syngas Production and Characteristics
                                                                                                      1. Syngas Composition
                                                                                                        1. Heating Value
                                                                                                          1. Tar and Particulate Content
                                                                                                          2. Syngas Cleaning and Conditioning
                                                                                                            1. Tar Removal Systems
                                                                                                              1. Particulate Removal
                                                                                                                1. Sulfur Compound Removal
                                                                                                                2. Syngas Utilization
                                                                                                                  1. Power Generation
                                                                                                                    1. Chemical Synthesis
                                                                                                                      1. Fuel Production
                                                                                                                    2. Pyrolysis Systems
                                                                                                                      1. Pyrolysis Process Fundamentals
                                                                                                                        1. Thermal Decomposition Chemistry
                                                                                                                          1. Temperature and Heating Rate Effects
                                                                                                                            1. Absence of Oxygen Requirements
                                                                                                                            2. Types of Pyrolysis
                                                                                                                              1. Slow Pyrolysis
                                                                                                                                1. Fast Pyrolysis
                                                                                                                                  1. Flash Pyrolysis
                                                                                                                                  2. Product Streams
                                                                                                                                    1. Bio-oil Production and Characteristics
                                                                                                                                      1. Syngas Production
                                                                                                                                        1. Biochar Production and Applications
                                                                                                                                        2. Process Design and Equipment
                                                                                                                                        3. Plasma Arc Gasification
                                                                                                                                          1. Plasma Torch Technology
                                                                                                                                            1. High-Temperature Conversion Processes
                                                                                                                                              1. Vitrified Slag Production
                                                                                                                                                1. Energy Requirements and Efficiency
                                                                                                                                              2. Environmental and Regulatory Considerations
                                                                                                                                                1. Emission Standards and Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                  1. Environmental Impact Assessment
                                                                                                                                                    1. Public Health Protection
                                                                                                                                                      1. Siting and Permitting Requirements

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                                                                                                                                                    5. Biological Treatment of Organic Waste

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                                                                                                                                                    7. Landfill Disposal